不同比赛情境视频对羽毛球运动员心理状态的影响  

Effects of Game Video in Different Situations on Mental State of Badminton Athletes

作　　者：周成林[1] 章建成[1] 李安民[1] 徐畅[1] 熊路[1] 王小春[1] 赵洪朋[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438

出　　处：《体育科学》2008年第12期14-20,共7页China Sport Science

基　　金：科技部"十一五"国家科技支撑计划"科技奥运专项"(BAK12B03);上海市重点学科建设项目资助(T0901)

摘　　要：以运动训练的需要和运动员的个体特点为切入点,运用心理测量、录像视频分析、行为观测、主观体验及实验等方法,对羽毛球运动员不同状态得失分的时间特征、行为表现及心理状态变化特征进行探讨。结果表明,比赛得失分是羽毛球运动员不同状态行为表现及时间特征形成的关键因素之一。其主动进攻失分时间间隔最长,对方失误得分时间间隔最短;在得分和失分时,发球时间间隔较长;运动员处于流畅状态得分后持续时间长,行为表现突出,情绪表现强烈;皮温、指端血容波幅和心率可作为监控运动员不同状态心理变化的客观指标。观看不同状态比赛视频能有效促进运动员心理控制水平的提高;结合不同状态的比赛视频进行心理监控训练,可以有效促进运动员比赛自信心的提高。这些研究成果能够在一定程度上为教练员提供决策参数,为运动员提供各种比赛的行为信息储备,从而提高运动员对比赛时各种信息的加工速度、准确性和应对困境的能力,增加运动员比赛战术运用的成功率。Taking training demands and athletes＇ personality as cut-in point, using the psycho logical measurement, video analysis, behavior observation, subjective experience and experiment, this paper studied the temporal characteristics, behavior performance and mental state of badminton athletes when gaining or losing scores in different situations. The result indicated that gaining or losing scores was the key factor influencing behavior performance and temporal characteristics of badminton athletes in different situations. The time interval of losing scores with initiative attack was the longest, and that the shortest;when gaining or losing scores, the of gaining scores for opponents ＇ misplay was time interval of service was much longer;when gaining scores in flow, the duration of flow after scoring was longer, with outstanding behavior performance and strong emotion experience; ST, BVP, and HR could be used as objective inde xes regulating athletes＇ mental change in different situations. Watching game video in different situations could effectively promote the regulation level of athletes ＇ mental state ; the regulation training combined with game video in different situations could effectively improve self-confidence of badminton athletes. These results could provide decision-making parameters for coaches to a certain extent＇offer athletes information storage of various games, accordingly enhance the speed and accuracy of information processing, and the ability of coping with difficulties, increase athletes＇ success ratio of applying tactics, and ensure athletes＇ excellent performance from a scientific and technological perspective.

关 键 词：羽毛球 优秀运动员 情境 比赛 行为表现 监控 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]