固体线膨胀系数测定实验中一个重要的误差来源  

An important source of error in the experiment of measuring the linear expansion coefficient of solid

作　　者：王鸿雁[1] 王冀霞[1] 刘晓旭[1] 赵育海[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院数理系,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《辽宁师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第4期423-425,共3页Journal of Liaoning Normal University:Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：固体线膨胀系数测定实验相对误差很大,人们从各个角度进行误差来源分析,改进实验方法,从而提高测量的精度.阐述了实验研究中发现的一个重要误差来源,固体线膨胀系数测定仪在加热过程中金属棒不是均匀受热的,平衡时棒上有温度梯度.这一温度梯度给铜棒热膨胀的伸长量造成了很大的系统误差,这是不容忽视的.通过对温度梯度的实验测量,对该误差进行了理论分析和修正,并由实验验证,很大程度地提高了测量精度.The relative error in measuring linear expansion coefficient of solid is usually big. People analyzed the sources of error in different ways to improve the experimental methods. In this paper we found an important source of error, namely the metal rods of the measuring instruments were unevenly heated in the course of heating, which would cause the temperature gradient existance even when the temperature reached equilibrium. This introduced a big system error of elongation of the copper rods in the thermal expansion. Based on the experimental measurements of the temperature gradient, we amended the error by theoretical analysis. The experimental results proved that the measuring accuracy was improved greatly.

关 键 词：线膨胀系数 温度梯度 相对误差 理论修正 

分 类 号：O4-34[理学—物理]