发芽糙米中γ-氨基丁酸含量的品种基因型差异分析  

The Variation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Content in Germinated Brown Rice Among Different Cultivars

作　　者：姚森[1] 杨特武[2] 赵莉君[1] 熊善柏[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学食品科技学院,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学植物科技学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第12期3974-3982,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：湖北省重大科技攻关项目(2003AA204B04)

摘　　要：【目的】通过对不同类型水稻品种发芽糙米中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量和谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)活性、谷氨酸转化速率等指标差异的比较分析,探讨不同品种发芽糙米中GABA含量差异形成的原因,为发芽糙米的品质选育及其深加工利用提供依据。【方法】以181份水稻品种(系)糙米为材料,在30℃条件下浸泡6 h、发芽24 h后,测定GABA含量;在此基础上,选取高GABA产量材料10份及中、低产量材料各1份,对其发芽糙米的GABA产量、GAD活性、谷氨酸转化速率、游离谷氨酸含量、根长和芽长的动态变化进行了分析。【结果】不同水稻品种(系)发芽糙米的GABA含量存在明显差异,最高达87.88 mg.(100 g)-1,最低为34.62 mg.(100 g)-1,平均含量为56.84 mg.(100 g)-1;早稻品种的GABA含量显著高于中稻和晚稻,籼稻稍高于粳稻;高GABA生成量的性状是可遗传的。发芽糙米的GABA生成量与芽长和GAD的活性呈极显著的正相关。【结论】水稻发芽糙米的GABA含量存在明显的生态型差异,其变化可能是由不同品种间的GAD酶活性差异所致。【Objective】The reasons of γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA） content in different varieties of germinated brown rice was investigated through analysis of GABA content,glutamate decarboxylase（GAD） activity,transformation rate of glutamic acid.The aim of the study was to offer theoretical foundation for quality breeding and further processing of germinated brown rice.【Method】One hundred and eighty-one varieties（lines） of rice were soaked at 30 ℃ for 6 h and then germinated for 24 h.Subsequently,GABA contents in the germinated brown rice were determined.Some varieties with high,medium and low GABA content were reproduced,dynamic changes of GABA content,GAD activity,transformation rate of glutamic acid,free glutamic acid concentration,root and shoot length in different rice types were further analyzed.【Result】GABA content in germinated brown rice depended on rice varieties.Among all tested materials,the highest,lowest and average GABA contents were 87.88 mg.（100 g）-1,34.62 mg.（100g）^-1 and 56.84 mg.（100g）^-1,respectively.GABA content in early season rice was significantly higher than that in semi-late and late rice,and that in indica rice was slightly higher than that in japonica rice.The trait of high GABA production could be inherited.GABA yield was significantly positively correlated with shoot length and GAD activity in germinated brown rice.【Conclusion】GABA content in germinated brown rice was different among ecotypes,which was probably due to the differences of GAD activity among varieties.

关 键 词：水稻(Oryzastativa L.) 发芽糙米 γ-氨基丁酸(GABA) 谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD) 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]