坪草腐霉枯萎病菌(Pythium aphanidermatum)的生物学特性及诱变菌株毒素的除草活性研究  

Biological characteristics of Pythium aphanidermatum and herbicidal of mutant isolates

作　　者：徐娇[1] 陈红岩[2] 石文伟[2] 张金林[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北省保定市植保植检站,河北保定070105

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2008年第4期81-86,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省自然基金(C2007000464)

摘　　要：为了明确坪草腐霉枯萎病菌PA1菌株的生物学特性及其诱变菌株所产生毒素的除草活性,对PA1菌株的生长适度、保存条件及孢子囊和藏卵器的产生条件进行了研究,测定结果发现,PA1菌株菌丝生长的最适温度为34℃,菌种保存的适宜温度为10℃～15℃;20℃条件下,在CMA培养基和燕麦粉液体培养基中可以大量产生藏卵器和卵孢子;5℃～15℃条件下,可以产生孢子囊。利用紫外线对PA1菌株的菌丝进行紫外诱变,得到了18株诱变菌株(PAM 1～18)。通过生长速率测得,PAM1菌株的生长速率最快,诱变菌株所得粗毒素对马唐和反枝苋的生长抑制作用结果表明,以PAM1的除草活性最高。对PAM1诱变菌株进行了发酵试验,在72 h的发酵过程中,发酵液的pH值逐渐降低;用发酵液制备所得粗毒素对马唐、反枝苋具有很好的除草活性。This research aims to identify the biological characteristics of Pythiurn aphaniderrnatum, the activity of mutant isolates irradiating the myeelium under UV illumination, the growing temperature for the mycelium, and the optimum temperature for preserving of PAl and the condition in which archegonium and oospore can be produced. It was found that 34℃ was suitable for growth and 10℃ --15℃ was feasible for preservation respectively. Lots of archegonium and oospore were under 20℃ and sporangium were produced under 5℃ -15℃ when PAl was cultured in both CMA and liquid oat powers medium. 18 mutant isolates named PAM1 - 18 were obtained by irradiating the mycelium of PAl by ultraviolet ray mutation and their growth quantity was tested using the method of growth rate. The results showed that the growth rates of PAM1, PAM16, PAM12 and PAM4, especially PAM1 were higher than those of the wild isolates. The herbicidal activity of the crude toxin from the mutant isolates to Digitaria sanguinalis L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L.was tested and the crude toxin of PAM1 had the strongest activity. The trate from PAM1 decreased gradually during the 72 hours＇ fermentati crude toxin extracted from the ferment filtrate had desirable herbicidal L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. The results provided theoretical and pH value on. The activity t practical of the ferment filbioactivity of the o D. sanguinalis basis for developing this isolate into microbial herbicides.

关 键 词：瓜果腐霉 毒素 紫外线诱变 除草活性 

分 类 号：S432.44[农业科学—植物病理学]