枣树昆虫群落结构及其综合治理效果研究  

STUDIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE INSECT COMMUNITY AND THE EFFECT OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

作　　者：师光禄[1] 刘贤谦[1] 郭耀荣 李连昌 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植保系

出　　处：《林业科学》1998年第1期58-64,共7页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金

摘　　要：通过１９９４～１９９６年的系统调查，在调查区，作者发现枣树害虫４１种，分属于５目２２科；天敌４０种，分属于８目２５科。用最优分割法将枣树昆虫群落按枣树的物候期分为休眠期、萌芽展叶期、开花幼果期、果实膨大期、果实着色成熟期５个阶段。用主分量分析法分析了各阶段的群落特征及优势种，论述了各阶段害虫———天敌的种群变化特征。通过综合治理园与常规防治园的分析比较，综合治理园昆虫的总物种数比常规防治园增加０４倍，天敌物种数增加１５倍，益害比扩大１１１６倍，多样性和均匀度分别提高１１２倍和０６７倍。从优势度指数比较得知，常规防治园是综合治理园的３４倍。综合治理园不但控制了害虫，而且保护了天敌，提高了自然调控能力；常规防治园在防治害虫的同时，大量杀伤了天敌，主要害虫会再猖獗，次要害虫如蚧类和螨类逐年上升，成为危害枣树的优势种。オy systematic investigation on jujube pests and their natural enemies from 1994 to 1996, the jujube pests which include 5 order, 22 families, 41 species, and natural enemies which include 8 order, 25 families, 40 species were collected. Jujube insect community was divided into 5 stages, i.e. rest period, sprout leaves period, blossom and young fruit period, developing fruit period, and fruit ripe period. Community characteristics and dominant species in each stage were analysed by the method of principal components analysis. The characteristics of population change of insect pestnatural enemies in each stage was discussed.The result of investigation showed that the number of total and natural enemy species, beneficial/hamful species number ratio, diversity index and evenness of IPM orchard were 04, 15, 1116, 112, 067times, respectively, more than those of GC orchard. Dominant degree index or GC orchard was 34 times more than that of IPM orchard. The IPM orchard was in favor of controlling insect pests and protecting and utilizing natural enemies and enhancing the ability of natural coordinaton, while in GC orchard, the food web was ignored by empirical pesticide treatments, causing the significant population decrease of natural enemies, resurgence of jujube primary insect pests, and going year by year up to jujube secondary insect pests, for example, scales and mites, which have become dominant species harming jujube tree.

关 键 词：枣树 害虫 主分量分析 群落结构 综合防治 

分 类 号：S436.65[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]