从嫁接到有性杂交——“达尔文主义”遗传育种理论的应用  

From Graft Hybridization to Distant Hybridization:the Practice of the Heredity Breeding Theory of "Darwinism"

作　　者：周询[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报（社会科学版）》2008年第4期86-91,共6页Journal of Beijing Forestry University ：Social Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-R-141)

摘　　要："达尔文主义"的遗传育种理论在中华人民共和国成立初期得到了极大范围的应用。早期比较活跃的是无性杂交——以嫁接的方法进行新品种选育,这在我国古代早已有了实践。1956年前后,有性杂交特别是远缘杂交较为活跃。随后,一些农民参与到遗传育种的队伍中。本文着重讨论1949—1965年我国对"达尔文主义"遗传育种理论的理解及其与"米丘林学说"的关系,以及理论的基本原理与应用。总体而言,"达尔文主义"遗传选择理论对我国当时的遗传育种工作具有很大的影响。The heredity breeding theory of ＂Darwinism＂ gained widespread applications in China during 1949--1956. The asexual hybridization or graft hybridization was wildly used in new species breeding. However around 1956, the sexual hybridization, especially the distant hybridization, was in common use. Afterwards, some farmers took part in the work of heredity breeding. This article focuses on the period from 1949 to 1965 and on our understanding of the ＂Darwinism＂ ,and its relation to ＂Michurinism＂ ,as well as its principle and application. Generally speaking, the heredity breeding theory of ＂Darwinism＂ had big influence to China＇s heredity breeding work in that time.

关 键 词：达尔文主义 米丘林学说 嫁接 远缘杂交 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学]