备战2008奥运会马拉松项目的运动学研究  

Prepares for war 2008 Olympic Games marathon project kinematics to study

作　　者：薛继升[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林体育学院,长春130022

出　　处：《中国教育与社会科学》2008年第1期109-112,共4页Chinese education and social science

摘　　要：研究目的：本研究作为备战2008年马拉松项目奥运科技攻关的一部分，主要从马拉松项目自身特点出发，结合训练的情况，对我国备战期间的马拉松项目进行深入细致的剖析，了解和掌握马拉松项目的特点和训练规律、影响马拉松运动员训练和比赛的因素、运动能力的评定方法等。为制订合理的训练计划提供依据，使马拉松项目训练更具针对性和有效性，提高科学化训练程度和水平。为使我国选手在2008北京奥运会创造好的成绩打下基础。研究方法：一是跟踪测试，通过对运动员长期的跟踪，以获得机能状态变化的数据资料，为研究提供科学依据；二是文献资料法。研究结果：①马拉松项目特点和训练规律：是超长距离的竞速项目，它既需要长时间的耐力，又需要一定的高速能力；要想提高马拉松比赛的成绩，最理想的方式是以匀高速跑完全程；在马拉松比赛中运动员的供氧能力和利用氧的能力的水平基本上决定了其竞技水平；马拉松训练的核心是提高运动员的无氧闲速度；提高无氧阈速度的训练有两种方式；从实战角度看，低于最大摄氧量速度，但超过无氧阈速度或无氧阈速度上限的速度是比赛需要的，训练中必须体现；无氧阈速度或无氧阚速度上限持续跑的能力训练是马拉松训练的核心，最大摄氧量速度的间歇跑训练是马拉松训练的关键；建立理想的周训练计划模式；训练计划要充分体现个体化和阶段目标；训练一定要抓有效的运动量，而不是总量。②影响马拉松运动员运动能力的因素有氧供能能力、乳酸分解能力和耐乳酸能力、糖酵解能力、马拉松运动员的技术节能能力、马拉松运动员的心理调控能力、比赛环境的适应能力。③马拉松运动员训练和比赛效果的评定方法。研究结论：北京2008奥运会，马拉松项目要想实现�Research goal：This research achievement prepares for war in 2008 a marathon project Olympic Games science and technology attack part,mainly embarks from marathon project own characteristic, the union training situation, prepares for war the period marathon project to our country to carry on the thorough careful analysis, the understanding and the grasping marathon project characteristic and the training rule,the influence marathon athlete training and the competition factor, the movement ability e valuation method and so on. In order to draw up the reasonable training plan to provide the basis, causes the marathon project training to have pointed and the validity,enhances the scientific training degree and the level. In order to cause our country contestants the result which creates at 2008 Beijing Olympic Games to build the foundation. Research technique：One,the track test,through to the athlete long-term track,obtains the functional condition change the data material,provides the scientific basis for the research~ Two is the literature material law. Findings ： OMarathon project characteristic and training rule： Is the ultra long distance competes the fast project,it both needs the long time the endurance,and needs certain high speed ability;Must want to enhance the marathon competition the result, the most ideal way is by uniform runs high speed the complete regulation;The athlete basically has decided its athletics level in the marathon competition for the oxygen ability and the use oxygen ability level;The marathon trains the core enhances athlete＇s non-oxygen threshold speed; Enhances the non-oxygen threshold speed the training to have two ways ; Looking from the actual combat angle that, is lower than absorbs the oxygen quantity speed most greatly, but surpasses the non-oxygen threshold speed or the non-oxygen threshold speed upper limit speed is the competition needs, in the training must manifest ; The non-oxygen threshold speed or the non-oxygen threshold speed upper limit continues ability tra

关 键 词：备战2008奥运会 马拉松项目 运动学研究 

分 类 号：G812.0[文化科学—体育学]