科其喀尔巴西冰川的近地层基本气象特征  

Near-Surface Meteorological Characteristics on the Koxkar Baxi Glacier,Tianshan

作　　者：韩海东[1,2] 刘时银[2,3] 丁永建[1,2] 邓晓峰[2] 王强[1] 谢昌卫[2] 王建[1] 张勇[2] 李晶[2] 上官冬辉[2] 张鹏飞[1] 赵井东[2] 牛丽[1] 陈彩苹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所寒旱区流域水文及应用生态实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京100085

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2008年第6期967-975,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411501);国家自然科学基金项目(40601020);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-301);科技部科技基础性工作专项项目(2006FY110200)资助

摘　　要：利用2003—2006年天山托木尔峰地区科其喀尔巴西冰川的考察资料,对该冰川近地层的基本气象特征进行了分析.研究表明:冰川从4月中下旬开始即有明显消融,主消融期为5-9月,1月冰川区的气温最低.冰川中上部的气温直减率较小,说明该处的冰川冷效应较弱;而冰川下部较大的气温直减率,则可能主要与消融区连续的表碛覆盖有关.5-9月集中了全年约75%的降水,而冬季的降水稀少.降水的分布存在明显的高低分带,低降水带位于冰川中上部的海拔3 700 m附近,而冰川末端和冰川上部的降水量较大.受地形和下垫面条件的影响,冰川下部的山谷风非常发育,而冰川上部局地环流较弱.Based on the scientific expedition carried on Koxkar Baxi Glacier, Tomur Peak, 2003-2006, the near-surface meteorological characteristics of the Koxkar Baxi Glacier are analyzed and discussed in this paper. It is found that the glacier ablation starts from late April, while the main ablation period ranges from May to September. January is the coldest month in a year. The lapse rate of air temperature in the middle and upper parts of the glacier is small, reflecting a weak cooling effect in this region. The larger lapse rate in the lower part of the glacier, however, is supposed to be related with the broad supraglacial debris cover, Precipitation in the ablation period accounts for about 75% of the annual precipitation, and it is small in the winter. It is revealed that the precipitation around 3700 m a. s. l. is small, while in the terminus and the upper part of the glacier there are two larger precipitation zones. Depending on landform effect and land cover condition, the mountain and valley winds in the lower part of the glacier are strong, while in the upper part of the glacier there is a weak local circulation.

关 键 词：科其喀尔巴西冰川 气温直减率 降水 山谷风 表碛 

分 类 号：P412.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]