“三江并流”自然遗产地怒江流域居民区蚊类多样性的空间分布格局  

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF ADULT MOSQUITO (CULICIDAE) DIVERSITY IN RESIDENTIAL AREA ALONG NUJIANG RIVER IN A NATURAL PROTECTED TERRITORY,"THREE PARALLEL RIVER REGION" OF YUNNAN PROVINCE,CHINA

作　　者：张菊仙[1] 龚正达[2] 李四全 张丽云[2] 李璋鸿 

机构地区：[1]西南林学院,昆明650224 [2]云南省地方病防治所,云南大理671000 [3]云南怒江州疾病预防控制中心,云南泸水673200

出　　处：《寄生虫与医学昆虫学报》2008年第4期213-222,共10页Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30460124;30660160)

摘　　要：山地居民区村镇及其周边农耕区是一类长期在人为开发利用和干扰下,常见但又与周围山区自然状况不同的人文生态系统或地理景观。为探索我国西南山地居民区蚊类多样性空间分布规律与区系特征,作者于2006年7～8月间应用灯诱法对滇西北"三江并流"自然遗产地中的怒江中上游流域北纬25°00′～28°30′和海拔800～2000m之间共20个山地居民区的蚊类多样性进行了调查取样,共捕获蚊类2亚科5属32种87126只,统计分析结果显示:1)总蚊密度沿纬度和海拔梯度基本呈现为两头高中间略低的分布格局,但总体上以低纬度和低海拔地带为高;2)优势种(主要是三带喙库蚊)密度与总蚊密度沿纬度和海拔梯度均呈现正相关分布格局,说明优势种不同程度地主导了当地蚊类密度的分布趋势;3)α-多样性(Shannon-Wiener指数H′、Pielou指数E)和物种丰富度S随着纬度的增加呈逐步升高然后又降低的单峰分布格局;沿海拔梯度的变化是:H′和E总体呈现为逐步上升的趋势,但物种丰富度S呈现为中间高,两头相对较低的分布格局;4)α-多样性(H′、E)与总蚊密度在沿纬度梯度和海拔梯度的变化中均呈现为多样性随着密度降低而升高,随密度的升高而降低的负相关分布格局;5)β-多样性(Cody指数)沿纬度梯度呈偏峰分布格局,其高峰位置在27°N与28°N之间,它反映出当地蚊类物种组成在此区间发生了较大的变化;Cody指数沿海拔梯度的变化呈单峰分布格局,其高峰出现在1200～1800m之间,反映出蚊类物种组成在海拔高度约1500m的区域发生了较大的变化;上述纬度和海拔梯度的Cody指数高峰的具体地理位置分别地处当地气候沿纬度(水平)梯度和海拔(垂直)梯度分布中的北亚热带向暖温带的过渡地带,它们反映了蚊类的β多样性空间分布格局及物种组成与当地地理环境和气候条件的变化有关。The populated countries in mountainous region with their farming fields are a kind of common human habitat ecosystem or landscape which has been long exploited and interfered. They differ from natural landscape around distinctively. In order to probe the spatial distribution pattern of mosquitoes （Culieidae） diversity and its fauna character in mountainous residential area in Southwest China, an investigation on the mosquitoes diversity was carried out in mountainous populated countries along Nujiang River in a natural protected territory, ＂Three Parallel River Region＂ of Yunnan Province. A total of 87 126 mosquitoes of 32 species, 5 genera and 2 subfamilies were trapped at 20 sampling sites （latitude： 25°00′N - 28°30′N, altitude： 800 - 2 000 m） along the mid-upper of Nujiang River basin. The analysis revealed that： 1 ） The density distribution patterns of all mosquitoes along altitude gradients and latitude gradients generally appeared lower at middle value, and highest in lower latitude and altitude gradients; 2） The density curves of dominant species （especially C. tritaeniorhynchus ） were quite similar with that of general density, which reflected that they dominated the local mosquitoes density; 3） With the latitudinal gradients increasing, the α- diversity （including Shannon-Wiener index H′, Pielou index E ） and species richness S appeared single-peak patterns, which gradually increased and then decreased; with the altitudinal gradients increasing, H′ and E generally tended to increase, but S appeared a bulge pattern that was higher in middle altitudinal gradients; 4） With latitudinal or altitudinal gradients changing, there was a negative correlation between species diversity （ H′ , E） and general mosquitoes density ; 5） Along latitudinal gradients, the β-diversity （Cody index） curve was a deflective peak with the apex appearing in the area from 27°N to 28°N, which showed that the local mosquito fauna changed greatly in this area; along ahitudinal

关 键 词：蚊类 α-多样性 β-多样性 空间分布格局 怒江流域 “三江并流”自然遗产地 

分 类 号：R383[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]