云南省19县市小兽体表蚤类的生态位研究  

RESEARCH ON ECOLOGICAL NICHE OF FLEAS ON SMALL MAMMALS OF 19 COUNTIES IN YUNNAN,CHINA

作　　者：张胜勇[1] 吴滇[1] 郭宪国[1] 门兴元[2] 

机构地区：[1]大理学院病原与媒介生物研究所,云南大理671000 [2]山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所,济南250100

出　　处：《寄生虫与医学昆虫学报》2008年第4期233-237,共5页Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30460125)

摘　　要：对云南省19县市小兽体表蚤类生态位进行研究,并初步探讨两者间协同进化关系。采用Levins模型和Cowell-Futuymas模型分别测定47种小兽体表部分主要蚤种的生态位宽度和生态位重叠指数。生态位宽度最宽的是特新蚤(0.0987),其次是近端远棒蚤二刺亚种(0.0749)、低地狭臀蚤(0.0734),最窄的为伍氏病蚤(0.0216)。方叶栉眼蚤与近端远棒蚤二刺亚种生态位重叠指数最高(0.5),与伍氏病蚤的重叠指数最低(0.0021)。印鼠客蚤与缓慢细蚤生态位重叠指数最高(0.8660),与无值大锥蚤最低(0.0048)。蚤类生态位宽度值低,表明其与宿主动物之间的协同进化程度相对较高;生态位宽度值高,表明其与宿主动物之间的协同进化程度较低。两种蚤的生态位重叠值高,表明其在宿主选择上趋于相同或相近;反之,则差异较大。生态位宽度可以作为蚤类与其宿主动物间协同进化的一个判定指标。To investigate the ecological niche of fleas on small mammals of 19 counties in Yunnan province, the niche breadth of the dominant flea species on 47 species of small mammals was measured according to Levin＇s method while the niche overlap index between every two flea species studied was calculated in the light of Cowell-Futuyma＇s procedure. Of the 12 flea species studied, the niche breadth of Neopsylla specialis specialis was the highest and N. wualis wualis was the lowest. The niche overlap index between every two flea species revealed that the overlap index between Ctenophthalmus quadratus and Aviostivalius klossi bispiniformis showed a high value while between C. quadratus and N. wualis wualis showed a low value. The overlap index between Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis was high while between X. cheopis and Macrostylophora euteles was low. The lower the niche breadth of fleas is, the higher the coevolution between fleas and their host will be, and vice versa. When any two species of fleas show a high value of niche overlap, they usually tend to parasitize the same hosts, and on the contrary, they tend to parasitize the different hosts. The niche breadth can be used as a useful index in evaluating the coevolution between fleas and small mammal hosts.

关 键 词：蚤目 生态位 协同进化 云南 

分 类 号：R384[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]