呼伦贝尔沙地植被演替规律研究  

Characteristic of Vegetation Succession in Hulunbeier Sandy Land

作　　者：朴起亨[1] 丁国栋[1] 吴斌[1] 屈志强[1] 万勤琴[1] 朴律镇 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]韩国全北大学环境生命资源学院,全北韩国570752

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2008年第6期180-186,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30471422);国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD26B03)

摘　　要：在对呼伦贝尔沙地形成的历史背景进行系统分析的基础上,通过大量的野外调查,研究了呼伦贝尔沙地植被资源状况、特征及植被演替规律。结果表明,在过度放牧所引起的逆行演替中,固定沙地、半固定沙地和流动沙地的植物群落物种组成从31种锐减到了2种,盖度从61%降低到8%,群落的物种丰富度逐渐降低,流动沙地的物种丰富度分别是半固定沙地和固定沙地的0.25倍、0.065倍,多样性指数分别为2.464,1.584,0.554,固定沙地最大,为流动沙地的4.45倍。物种均匀度分别为0.497,0.528,0.554。流动沙地最大,是固定沙地的1.11倍。植被高度及生物量亦均呈递减趋势,优势种和建群种发生更迭,群落结构趋于简单。对不同封育年限植被进行研究,得出植被的恢复演替规律为:以沙米为优势种的一年生先锋植物群落以糙隐子草为优势种其他多年生禾草伴生的过渡型植被群落冰草+糙隐子草过渡型植被群落羊草+冷蒿亚稳定型群落,同时,土壤的结构、理化性质得到改善。The Hutunbeier sandy land is one of four big sand-lands in China. Recently because of natural environment is worsening, wasteland is gradually becoming wider and excessively human＇s indiscreet activity caused the big pasture in Hulunbeier to be desertification. It＇s the only expanding land in china. Combat desertification becoming more and more important in china. This paper choose Chenbaerhu Banner as the trail area based on almost 20 year＇s climate and vegetation date to investigate the reason of desertification, the vegetation constructs and sandy land restored method. Through this research the main purpose of this paper is to give the effective suggestion on restores with the reconstruction degeneration ecosystem. The main conclusion is as followg： In plant＇s retrogression of succession, the plant community species composition changed. Species decreased from 31 to 2, coverage from 61% to 8%, species richness in shifting sandy land is 0.25 times of that in semi-fixed sandy land, 0. 065 times of that in fixed sandy land. Diversity index of fixed sandy land, semi-fixed sandy land and shifting sandy land are 2. 464, 1. 584 and 0.554 respectively. Diversity index of fixed sandy land was the biggest which is 4.45 times of that in shifting sandy land. Species evenness is 0. 497, 0. 528 and 0. 554. Species evenness in shifting sandy land is the biggest which is 1. 11 times of that in fixed sandy land. At the same time, the biomass also assumes the decreasing progressively tendency, the dominant species and constructs the group kind to occur alternates, the community structure tends to be simple. Manual intervention in the restoration of state in succession, the progress of succession law： annual species such as Agriophyllurn squarrosurn as the dominant species in vegetation eommunity→ Cleistogenes squarrosa as the dominant species with another perennial grass in this kind of transition vegetation community→Agropyron cristatum and Cleistogenes squarrosa together as the dominant species in the transi

关 键 词：呼伦贝尔沙地 沙漠化 群落演替 逆行演替 恢复演替 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]