天津大气气溶胶化学组分的粒径分布和垂直分布  

Size Distribution and Vertical Variation of Atmospheric Aerosol in Tianjin

作　　者：姚青[1] 孙玫玲[1] 张长春[1] 穆怀斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市气象科学研究所,天津300074

出　　处：《气象科技》2008年第6期692-696,共5页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：中国气象局北京区域气象中心科技创新基金项目(BRMCCX200604);北京城市气象基金资助项目(UMF200607);天津市气象局科技培育攻关项目(KJPY0703)共同资助

摘　　要：2006年8月在天津气象铁塔的10、120、220 m 3个不同高度,利用Andersen分级采样器同步进行大气气溶胶采样,样品用离子色谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪进行分析。结果表明,K元素主要集中在细粒子,Mg、Ca、Al、Fe元素主要集中在粗粒子,Na元素则具有双峰结构;总离子浓度随着高度的升高有增加的趋势,SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、Ca2+是最主要的水溶性无机离子;二次源是水溶性离子重要的贡献源,NO3-、SO42-、NH4+随着高度升高,浓度有向小粒径集中的趋势;各层气溶胶阴阳离子平衡值小于1,表明气溶胶偏碱性,与天津地处北方,土壤偏碱性,且非采暖期地面扬尘是主要的气溶胶来源有关;各层NO3-/SO42-平均值为0.48,表明非采暖期固定排放源(燃煤)仍然是天津大气细粒子中水溶性离子的主要来源。The sampling was conducted simultaneously in August 2006 at the levels of 10,120,220 m of the 255 m meteorological tower in Tianjin with the Andersen cascade sampler. The atmospheric aerosol samples are analyzed by IC （Ion Chromatograph） and ICP/MS （Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer）. The results indicate that there are three types of size distribution： （1） K particles are mainly in the fine particle section with the peak at 0.43 to 2.1 μm. （2） Mg, Ca, Al, Fe are mainly in the coarse particle section with the peak at 2.1 to 9.0 μm. （3） Na particle distribution exhibits a double-peak structure with the peaks at 0.65 to 2.1 μm and 3.3 to 5.8 μm. SO4^2- , NO3^-,NH4^＋ and Ca^2＋ are mainly water-soluble ions,which occupy 17.6%, 45.7%,18.1 % and 13.7% in the total ions, respectively. The total concentration of ion, as well as NO3^- SO4^2- and NH4^＋ , increases with height. The ion balance values between total cations and total anions at various levels are less than one, which indicates that the aerosol is slightly alkaline, can attributed to the soil properties of Tianjin. The mean concentration ratio of NO3^- to SO4^2- is 0.48, indicating that coal burning, which represents the stationary sources, compared to the mobile sources of vehicle emission, is the main pollution sources of water-soluble ions in Tianjin.

关 键 词：天津 气溶胶 粒径分布 垂直分布 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TS721.1[轻工技术与工程—制浆造纸工程]