新的禾本科模式植物——二穗短柄草  

Brachypodium distachyon,a new model gvamineous plant

作　　者：李平[1] 朱伟然[2] 严学兵[1] 王成章[1] 何云[3] 雒爱玲[1] 徐兵[1] 杨玲玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学牧医工程学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省畜牧局,河南郑州450008 [3]河南科技学院动物科学学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2008年第6期69-74,共6页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化资金项目;河南省科技厅重大科技攻关项目(0422010300)资助

摘　　要：水稻(Oryza sativa)是禾本科中目前唯一已完成基因组测序的模式植物,但由于它很早从冷季型禾本科中进化分离出来,故其作为禾本科其他亚科的模式植物有一定局限性,因此,需要一种新的、更适合的模式植物。二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)是一种温带禾草,归属禾本科早熟禾亚科短柄草族短柄草属,具有基因组小、株型小、自花授粉、一年生、生命周期短、有二倍体和一系列多倍体、易培植、易转化等诸多优点,尤其是与很多重要的谷类作物如小麦、大麦、燕麦、玉米、水稻、高粱等以及许多牧草与草坪草有较近的亲缘关系,因而是温带禾本科植物功能基因组学以及生物能源作物(如柳枝稷)研究的理想模式植物,作者例举二穗短柄草之所以成为新模式植物系统的依据,并介绍其在遗传进化、基因组特点、功能基因组及形态特征等方面的研究进展。Rice（Oryza sativa） is a solely model plant of Gramineae whose sequencing had been completed, but rice genome sequence has limitations as a template for use in isolating genes from cool-season cereals because it had been separated from the cool-season grasses for about 50 million years. Brachypodium distachyon has been proposed as a new model temperate grass because it is related to the major cereal grain species such as wheat, barley, oat, maize, rice, sorghum, and many forage and turf species. And it has many qualities which make it an excellent model organism for functional genomics research in temperate grasses, cereals, and dedicated bioenergy crops such as switchgrass. These attributes include small genome,diploid accessions,a series of poly- ploid accessions, a small physical stature, self-fertility, a short lifecycle, simple growth requirements, and an efficient transformation system. The genome sequencing of B. distachyon will be completed soon. In this paper,research progress of B. distachyon were summarized and reviewed.

关 键 词：二穗短柄草 模式植物 禾本科 功能基因组学 

分 类 号：Q13[生物学—普通生物学]