三江平原东北部土地利用变化的生态效应分析  

Analysis of Ecological Effect of Land Use Change in the Northeast of the Sanjiang Plain

作　　者：王文娟[1,2] 张树文[1] 李颖[1] 岳书平[1,2] 卜坤[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130012 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《湿地科学》2008年第4期500-505,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771162)资助

摘　　要：土地利用/土地覆被变化对区域生物多样性和重要生态过程影响深刻。以1987～2000年间的Landsat/TM影像作为基本信息源,利用GIS空间分析和地统计分析功能,从景观生态学角度构建生态效应指数来反映三江平原东北部地区土地利用/土地覆被变化所带来的生态效应,并且定量评价了该区生态效应与土地利用、土壤以及土壤侵蚀之间的关系。结果表明,与1987年相比,2000年研究区水田和耕地面积都增加了2000km2以上,毁林、毁草和将沼泽湿地开垦为耕地等人类活动导致该区生态系统更加脆弱;研究区2000年的全区平均生态效应指数比1987年高0.02;2000年,研究区中同江市的生态风险最高;土壤类型与生态效应指数的对应关系显示,泥炭土区和黑土区存在较大的生态风险;土壤侵蚀等级越大,生态效应指数越高,2000年各等级土壤侵蚀强度的生态效应指数均高于1987年。Land use and land cover change have important impact on bio - diversity and ecological process. In this paper, the northern part of the Sanjiang Plain was choosen as study area to do some research about LUCC and ecological effect. Based on Landsat/TM from 1987 to 2000, the land -use map of 1987 and 2000 were obtained. The soil data were gotten from the office of soil investigation in Heilongiiang province and the local soil archives. Erosion intensity in the study area were calculated according to the Universal Soil Loss Equation （USLE）. Supported by the spatial analysis and geostatistical analysis in GIS, the ecological effect index was defined to reflect the ecological effect caused by LUCC in the northern part of the Sanjiang Plain. At the same time , the relation between land use, soil type, soil erosion and ecological effect were also quantitatively evaluated by the overlay function in GIS. The results showed, during the past 14 years, the area of both paddy field and dry land areas＇ increased more than 2 000 km^2, but the areas of grass and wetland lost 2 666.07 km^2 and 1 748.04 km^2, respectively. Farmlands have the highest ecological effect index. The water have the lowest ecological effect index. The increase of arable lands was caused by development of grass, forest and wetland reclamation to make the ecological frangibility enforced. Mean ecological effect index of the northern part of the Sanjiang Plain in 2000 is 0.55, which is 0.02 larger than that of 1987. The ecological effect indexes in the city of Tongjiang and county of Suibin went up 0. 126 and 0.048, but the ecological effect indexes in the city of Fujin and Hulin decreased by 0. 009 and 0. 015, the ecological effect index in the county Raohe increased by 0. 03. The city of Tongjiang became the most dangerous region in ecological risk by 2000. In particular, the ecological effect index of turves and black soil areas increased most in 2000. The ecological safety of both should be pay much more attention. The higher erosion intensity c

关 键 词：土地利用 生态效应指数 三江平原东北部 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济] Q149[生物学—生态学]