中国近海持久性毒害污染物研究进展  

Persistent toxic substances in offshore zone of China:a review

作　　者：谷河泉[1] 陈庆强[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第12期6243-6251,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(2002CB412403);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40772210;40202032);上海市高等学校青年科学基金资助项目(2000QN14)~~

摘　　要：持久性毒害污染物具有三致效应和遗传毒性,对近海生态环境危害极大。持久性毒害污染物主要通过入海河流和沿岸直排输送入海,主要赋存于近海沉积体系。持久性毒害污染物在沉积物分布累积主要受到沉积环境的影响,包括入海河流径流量、输沙量、水动力、河口海湾冲淤演变等,以及其自身物理化学性质和沉积物性质如颗粒物大小和有机质含量等。不同海区的研究表明,重金属污染整体上较轻微,胶州湾沉积物Cu、As污染较其它地区严重,珠江口盐沼Cd、Zn污染最为严重;近海沉积物有机污染主要集中在工业活动密集的珠江三角洲及邻近海域、长江口及闽江口海区,多氯联苯(PCBs)污染以珠江三角洲最为严重,有机氯农药(OCPs)污染在东南部河口及邻近海区较为严重。在明确持久性毒害污染物在不同沉积环境下差异和共性的基础上,提出若干今后需加强的研究,包括污染物迁移转化规律、重金属化学形态分析、微生物降解机制和污染物相互作用,等。Persistent toxic substances （PTS）, which have carcinogensis, teratogensis and mutagensis and ecotoxicity, can cause heavy damages to coastal ecological environments and systems. PTS are mainly transported into coast and adjacent sea by riverine input and/or industrial wastewaters discharge. Most of PTS, especial for particle-activie components, are deposition in coastal sedimentary environment. The distribution and accumulation of PTS in coastal surface sediments are determined not only by the properties of PTS and surface sediment but by sedimentary environments such as river runoffs, fluvial sediment discharge, alternation between erosion and deposition in estuary areas. Based on the collected data, the heavy metal contamination levels in coastal sediments of China are generally low, exception of contents of Cu and As in Jiaozhou Bay and Cd and Zn in Pearl River Estuary. Persistent Organic Pollutants （POPs） are mostly concentrated in highly urbanized and industrialized offshore zones, such as the Pearl River Delta, the Changjiang estuary and Minjiang River estuary. Polychlorinated biphenyls（PCBs） pollution is more heavier in the Pearl River Delta than in other areas. Much heavy pollution of organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） was observed in estuarine and coastal zones in southeastern China. Based on the various behaviors of PTS in different coastal environments several research issues, such as quantitative research on transport and transformation of pollutants, chemical speciation analysis of heavy metals, microbial action, and the interaction among various pollutants, are eludiated.

关 键 词：持久性毒害污染物 重金属 持久性有机污染物 分布特征 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]