干旱半干旱区植被生态需水量计算方法评述  

Reviews on calculating methods of vegetation ecological water requirement in arid and semiarid regions

作　　者：胡广录[1] 赵文智[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所、中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站,兰州730000

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第12期6282-6291,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目(KZCX2-XB2-04-01)资助;西部之光资助项目(07285210010)~~

摘　　要：植被是生态系统的重要组成部分,在维持生态系统的平衡和稳定中起着重要的作用。对植被生态需水研究已成为水资源优化配置和生态环境建设研究中的热点问题。在综合分析有关研究文献的基础上,介绍了植被生态需水的概念。对干旱半干旱区植被生态需水量常用的几种计算方法——面积定额法、潜水蒸发法、植物蒸散发量法、水量平衡法、生物量法、基于遥感技术的计算法进行了详细综述,并对这些方法在实际应用中的优缺点予以评析。最后指出在"3S"技术应用、数值模型建立、尺度转换等方面加强研究,应是未来植被生态需水量计算方法完善创新的方向。Vegetation is an important component of terrestrial ecosystems and plays a key role in maintaining ecosystem stability. The study of the ecological water requirements in vegetation has become a hot issue in research of water resources allocation and ecol-environmental construction. On the basis of the comprehensive analysis of previous research results, this study introduced the concept of ecological water requirements of vegetation and also reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of several methods for estimating ecological water requirements of vegetation in arid and semi-arid regions, including the quota-area method, the phreatic evaporation method, the plant evapotranspiration method, the water balance method, the biomass method and the method based on remote sensing technology. The results of this study emphasized that it is necessary to pay much attention to the research of the application of ＂3 S＂, numerical modeling and scale transformation in the calculation of ecological water requirements of vegetation in the future.

关 键 词：植被 生态需水 计算方法 干旱半干旱区 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]