模拟装置研究绿地系统在暴雨径流污染控制中的作用  

On the function of the simulated greenbelt system in removing the storm-resulted run off pollution in the urban areas

作　　者：余瑞彰[1] 李秀艳[1] 孟飞琴[1] 张慧[1] 吕淑华[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学环境科学系,上海200062

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2008年第6期34-38,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：上海市科委重点项目(06dz12006;062312019;2007BAK27B05);上海市生态学重点学科资助项目

摘　　要：采用城市绿地和降雨系统模拟装置,研究绿地系统对实际暴雨径流污染的削减作用。历时60min,降雨重现期为1a、3a、5a时,绿地系统可以削减雨水径流量。1a一遇时,绿地系统对雨水径流中COD、氮和磷总量的去除率分别为60.2%,49.2%和61.5%。以无植被裸土为对照,模拟绿地系统对径流雨水中COD、NH4+-N及TP去除率较对照组分别提高7.1%,6.2%和4.4%。降雨期间污染物的去除主要依靠土壤和植物根系的截留、吸附和吸收作用;降雨后微生物开始降解吸附于土壤颗粒表面和植物根系上的污染物,降雨后第5～8d,土壤中微生物数量达到最大值,第14～17d微生物完成对吸附有机物等的降解,数量恢复到降雨前水平。研究表明,模拟绿地对降雨地表径流量的削减、径流污染物浓度的削减和污染物总量的控制有较好作用。This paper is to introduce a simulated greenbelt system developed by its authors in hoping to diminish or reduce the storm-water run-off pollution in the urban areas. For the research purpose, we have studied the effect of the simulated greenbelt system on the pollutant control by using the storm running-water as a runoff device. The results of our experiments show .that the greenbelt can play h very important role in impairing the volume of surface runoff, impairing the concentration of pollutants as well as controlling the total quantity of pollutants. The periodically repetitive rainfall was supposed to come once in a year, once in every three years and once inevery five years after one hour＇s rainfall, on which condition the greenbelt system is expected to reduce the amount of runoff by 18%- 35% . After one hour of rainfall, which is supposed to be repeated once in a year, the removing efficiency of total COD, TN and TP could reach 60.2%, 49.2% and 61.5%, respectively. As is seen, the plants can play an important role in pollutant adsorption from the runoff. Compared with bare soil, the removing efficiency of COD, NH4^＋ - N and TP can thus be expected to rise to 7.1%, 6.2% and 4.4%, respectively.During the rainfall, the pollutants tend to be removed mainly by the adsorption and interception of soil and plant roots. Besides, after the rainfall, pollutants turn to be adsorbed by the soil particles and by the greenbelt vegetations and then decomposed by the top-soil microorganisms. As a result of the rainfall, the amount of microbes in the soil is likely to increase over the time and reach the maximum during the time from the fifth to the eighth day after the rainfall, and then go down to the same value as it was before the rain on the fourteenth to the seventeenth day.

关 键 词：环境工程学 绿地系统 暴雨径流 污染控制 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]