农林废弃物在去除废水重金属中的环境友好利用  

Environment-friendly utilization of agricultural and forest wastes for heavy metal ions removing from the wastewater

作　　者：崔杏雨[1] 陈树伟[2] 范彬彬[1] 马静红[1] 李瑞丰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学精细化工研究所煤科学与技术教育部重点实验室,太原030024 [2]太原理工大学化学化工学院,太原030024

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2008年第6期43-46,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金项目(2007011032);太原市技术创新计划项目(0802015)

摘　　要：评述了近年来国内外利用廉价农林废弃物去除废水重金属的研究进展。重点论述了化学改性处理的农林废弃物对重金属离子的吸附性能,并详细比较了改性前后及各种改性方法的吸附效率。改性处理明显提高了农林废弃物的吸附性能,一些改性的农林废弃物吸附剂对某些重金属离子具有良好的吸附性能,显示出广阔的应用前景。但在今后的研究中还应强化改性农林废弃物吸附剂表面结构表征、吸附作用机理和动力学的研究,开发新型高效的改性再生方法,并对废水处理成本进行详细评估。The application of low-cost adsorbents derived from agricultural and forest wastes for the removal of heavy metal ions from metal-contaminated wastewater has been reviewed. The discussion is focused on the adsorption capacities for heavy metal ions by chemical- ly modified agricultural and forest wastes. A comparison of adsorption efficiency between chemically modified and unmodified adsorbents is also reported. On the whole, it can be said that chemically modred agricultural and forest wastes exhibit higher adsorption capacities than unmodified ones due to higher number of active binding sites after modification, better ion-exchanging properties and formation of new functional groups favorable for metal uptake. It is for this reason that a lot of kinds of chemicals have been used for modification process, including organic acids, bases, oxidizing agent, organic compounds, etc. It has also been found that the adsorbents derived from agricultural and forest wastes reveal remarkable capabilities for removing such heavy metals like Cr^6＋, Ni^2＋, Cu^2＋, Cd^2＋, Pb^2＋, Zn^2＋. Although the modified agricultural and forest wastes can enhance the adsorption of heavy metal ions, which show a promising application potential for removing heavy metal ions from the wastewater, the cost of chemicals to be used and methods of modification and regeneration also have to be taken into consideration in order to produce low-cost adsorbents. Besides, since modification of the adsorbent surface involves the change of some properties of the given adsorbent, it is thus recommended that characterization studies on the surface area, pore size, porosity, etc. should be carried out simultaneously. At the same time, the spectroscopic analysis involving the Fourier infrared （FTIR） transformation, the energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, the spectroscopy of X-ray absorption near the edge structure （XANES） as well as that of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure （EXAFS） are also to be done so as to better unde

关 键 词：环境工程 农林废弃物 低成本吸附剂 重金属废水 废水处理 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]