华北中部近45a极端降水事件变化特征  

Characteristic of Extreme Precipitation Events Change in Central North China in Recent 45 Years

作　　者：张爱英[1,2] 高霞[3] 任国玉[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]山东省气象局气候中心,山东济南250031 [3]河北省保定市气象局,河北保定071000 [4]中国气象局国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《干旱气象》2008年第4期46-50,共5页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2007BAC03A01)资助

摘　　要：利用华北中部41个气象台站1961～2005年逐日降水资料,采用通用的极端气候指数,分析了近45a来华北中部极端降水事件频率变化的时空特征。结果表明:华北中部平均年最大日降水量呈下降趋势,南部平原地区一般减少,北部山地区域多有增加,降水日数有较明显减少,强降水日数和暴雨日数变化趋势不明显,降水日数的减少主要是中、小雨(雪)日数减少造成的。暴雨日数和强度在20世纪90年代中后期显著增加。华北中部强降水日数和暴雨日数在降水日数中的比重有增大趋势,强降水量和暴雨降水量在总降水量中的比重可能也增加了。这种相对增加趋势主要发生在20世纪90年代中期以后。Using daily precipitation data of 41 meteorological stations in Central North China from 1961 to 2005 and the extreme precipitation indices developed by WMO/CCL and CLIVAR, the temporal and spatial characteristics of extreme precipitation events change was analyzed. Results show that the annual average maximum daily precipitation presented a decreasing trend in central North China, but the average heavy and extreme rainfall days changed indistinetively; the days and intensity of heavy rainfall increased obviously in the middle and late 1990s＇ ; there was a significant drop in rainfall days, especially in the south and southeast region, but no significant change in rainfall intensity. These imply that the proportion of the extreme precipitation events in the total rainfall days increased, and the proportion of extreme precipitation amount in the total annual precipitation might increase also in the period 1961 -2005 in the research region.

关 键 词：华北中部 极端降水 强降水日数 暴雨日数 

分 类 号：P468.024[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]