称重式蒸渗仪系统改进及在农田蒸散研究中的应用  

Improvement of Weighting Lysimeter and Its Application in Farmland Evapo-transpiration Research

作　　者：姜峻[1,2] 都全胜 赵军[2] 陈云明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]富县气象局,陕西富县727500

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2008年第6期67-72,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新项目(KZCX2-XB2-05);国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD09B07)资助

摘　　要：水分是制约黄土丘陵区农作物正常生长和农业生产的关键因子。该区年平均降水量少且季节多变，研究农田土壤水分平衡对该区旱地农业生产具有重要意义。土壤蒸渗仪（Lysimeter）可测量总蒸散量、渗漏量等有关水量平衡的各个分量，具有其它装置和方法不可比拟的优越性。它为田间蒸散和降水入渗实验研究提供了一种较先进的量测方法和技术手段。它对推动我国实验水文学的发展具有重要作用，并为相关领域的科学研究提供了一种较先进的技术设备和实验环境。中国科学院安塞试验站对原建造的用于测定农田蒸腾蒸发转化的称重式蒸渗仪在2005年对称重感应系统、电源进行改造，主要对主机、采集软件进行了重新更新，使其可直接在Windows界面下工作，数据采集更加方便，将测量出来的模拟量信号转换为数字信号，经处理显示并记录在数据采集器内。改进后蒸渗仪主要有以下特点：（1）土柱重19～26t，蒸渗仪精度为152g（0．05nm），可测量蒸腾蒸发量和地下水对土壤水的补给量与入渗量；（2）蒸渗仪面积3m^2（1．5m×2m），深度3m，可充分允许农作物根系发育与吸水，土壤水和地下水转化，地下水位变化等过程进行，蒸渗仪的供排水系统能够在蒸渗仪内模拟实际地下水位变化，可较好代表大田实际情形，并对作物生长过程中水分利用动态变化进行深入研究。Water is the primary limiting factor for plant growth and crop production in the loess hilly-gully area of the Loess Plateau. Because the annual precipitation is relatively low and its seasonal distribution is variable in the area, it is extremely important to study the soil water balance such as storage water and adjusting plant water requirement. Lysimeter is an excellent and classical instrument for measuring each component of field water balance equation such as evapo-transpiration and drainage. It is wildly used in field evapo-transpiration, rainfall infiltration experiment, and experimental hydrology. In 2005, the weighting sensor system and power source were improved and host computer and data colleting software of Lysimeter were updated, which were installed in the Ansai Research Station of CAS for studying filed water evaporation and transpiration transformation. After improvement, the instrument can work under Windows interface and the data collecting is more convenient. The modified Lysimeter shows some of the new characteristics, which are： the weight of the contained soil column is 19-26 t, the weighting precision is 152 g （0.05 mm） and can measure evapo-transpiration and groundwater replenishment and leakage; the measured area and soil depth are 3 m^2 （1.5 m× 2 m） and 3.0 m, respectively, which may fully display water transformation in the crop rooting system such as root system development, water consumption, soil water and groundwater transformation, and groundwater level dynamic; the supply and drainage system can simulate the change of groundwater level, which can reflect the actual conditions and allow researches on soil water dynamic during crop growth.

关 键 词：蒸渗仪 蒸腾蒸发 降雨量 黄土丘陵区 

分 类 号：P335[天文地球—水文科学] S152.7[水利工程—水文学及水资源]