影响五倍子水悬浮液对马铃薯晚疫病田间防治效果的主要气象因素  

Meteorological factors affecting the control effect of Galla chinensis water suspension on potato late blight in field condition

作　　者：胡同乐[1] 王树桐[1] 闫峰 杨军玉[1] Hans-Rudolf Forrer 曹克强[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植物保护学院、河北省农作物病虫害生物防治工程技术研究中心,保定071001 [2]河北省高碑店市气象局,高碑店074000 [3]Agroscope FAL Reckenholz, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zurich

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2008年第6期619-625,共7页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：河北省科技攻关项目(01220173D)

摘　　要：将4.0%五倍子水悬浮液喷施田间马铃薯品种Bintje的叶片,于不同处理时间后,剪下叶片带回室内人工接种致病疫霉孢子囊悬浮液,保湿培养后调查各处理的发病情况。结果表明,喷施五倍子水悬浮液后48h内未经历降雨的处理,病情指数仅为7.41,与清水对照相比,防效为92.59%;喷施后96h接种的处理,由于在田间经历了降雨,完全丧失了防效,病情指数达100。室内毒力测定结果显示,0.4%五倍子水悬浮液喷施96h后,对致病疫霉游动孢子释放的抑制率仍在80%以上,在室外避雨不避光条件下五倍子水悬浮液96h内抑菌效果无显著降低,表明日光的影响作用较小。在室内盆栽条件下,通过喷淋水滴模拟田间降雨对药液的冲刷作用。结果表明,冲刷作用可导致五倍子水悬浮液对马铃薯晚疫病的防效显著降低。进一步说明,降雨是导致五倍子水悬浮液对马铃薯晚疫病田间防治效果降低的主要气象因素。The surface of selected leaves of potato cultivar Bintje in field were sprayed with 4, 0% water suspension of Galla chinensis. 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours after spraying, the leaves were cut down and brought into lab for inoculation, incubation and disease assessment respectively. The results showed that if there was no rainfall in field within 48 hours, the disease index of leaves treated with G. chinensis water suspension was 7.41, the control effect was 92.56% compared with CK. The control effect dropped down to zero at the treatment of 96 hour, when there was rainfall between 48 and 96 hours in field. Virulence tests showed that the inhibiting effect of 0.4% G. chinensis water suspension to zoospore release of Phytophthora infestans could last at least for 96 hours, with inhibiting rate no less than 80%. Outdoor tests proved further that sunlight did not play any negative role against the inhibiting effect of G. chinensis water suspension. Pots trial was conducted in greenhouse in order to simulate the washout effect of rainfall in field. The results showed that the washout effect could significantly influence the control effect of G. chinensis water suspension on potato late blight. So, rainfall is the main meteorological factor affecting the control effect of G. chinensis water suspension on potato late blight under field conditions.

关 键 词：五倍子 致病疫霉 马铃薯晚疫病 气象因素 降雨 

分 类 号：S432.2[农业科学—植物病理学]