2005年春季广东近岸海域麻痹性贝毒素的特征分析  

Analysis of the characteristics of paralytic shellfish poison of shellfish from coastal waters of the Guangdong Province in spring 2005

作　　者：吴施卫[1] 曾淼[2] 卢大鹏[1] 罗一丹[1] 江天久[3] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局南海环境监测中心,广东广州510300 [2]暨南大学水生生物研究所,广东广州510632 [3]暨南大学赤潮与水环境研究中心,广东广州510632

出　　处：《海洋学研究》2008年第4期49-54,共6页Journal of Marine Sciences

基　　金：广东省科技计划资助项目(2004B33201003);国家海洋局海洋科学技术研究资助项目(国海计财字[2000]134);国家海洋局南海分局海洋科学技术局长基金资助项目(0215)

摘　　要：于2005年3～5月，在广东省近岸海域的27个采样点（从东到西覆盖整个广东省沿海，包括了广东省的12大重点海湾海水养殖区）进行了贝类样品采集，共采集了35个品种120个样品。采用小白鼠生物检测法对麻痹性贝毒素（PSP）的检测结果表明，其3、4和5月采集的样品均检测出毒性值，2005年春季广东近岸海域的PSP呈现出以下主要特征：（1）PSP的检出率和含量值均较低。在120个检测的样品中，只有13个样品检测出PSP毒性数据，检出率为10．8％；检出PSP范围为每100g贝类软组织含152～198Mu。其中北津港（东平）的托氏毛蚶和神泉港（神泉）的近江牡蛎样品，在1h内小白鼠的致死率都非常高，但毒性并不强。所有检测出的PSP毒性数据值均大大低于我国目前暂定的警戒标准：每100g贝类软组织含80μg STXeq（对KM系小白鼠而言，相当于每100g贝类软组织含约423MU）。2005年春季广东近岸海域海水水温偏低可能是一个重要原因。（2）感染PSP毒性的生物品种不多。在已检测的35个贝类品种中，只有8个品种检测出PSP毒性数据，占被检测总品种数的22．8％。牡蛎的PSP检出率相对较高，而其它常见品种如文蛤和翡翠贻贝的PSP检出率均较低，华贵栉孔扇贝未检出PSP。（3）PSP的地理分布范围较广。从检测出PSP毒性数据的样品的地理分布来看，范围较广，从东到西几乎包括了整个广东省沿海。其中北津港6个样品中，有2个检测出PSP毒性数据，PSP最高值也出现在北津港（东平）。广东12个大重点海湾海水养殖区，除红海湾、大亚湾、大鹏湾及海陵湾4个大重点海湾海水养殖区外，其它8个大重点海湾海水养殖区均检测出PSP，占12个大重点海湾海水养殖区总数的66．7％。在以前未检出的多处海水养殖区也能检出PSP。并就有关问题进行了讨论。In order to establish feasible and effective method for monitoring toxins of shellfish and serve relative research, investigation and studies of the distribution of shellfish toxins in the coastal waters of Guangdong Province was carried out under the financial support from the project of the science and technology plan of Guangdong Province. The aim of the study is to know the effected species and areas and the composition and concentrations of the toxins. 27 sampling sites were selected covering the adjacent sea of Guangdong from east to west, including 12 key marine aquaculture zones. 120 shellfishes of 35 species were sampled between March and May, 2005. Samples of PSP toxins of shellfish were studied with Mouse bioassay. The results show that： （1）The detection ratio and content of the paralytic shellfish poison are both lower. Within 120 samples, PSP was detected in 13 samples and the detection ratio was 10.8%. The PSP concentration ranges from 152 to 198 MU · （100 g）^-1 parenchyma. Among these samples, lethality of Kunming mouse within one hour is high for Scapharca troscheli in Beijin port （Dongping） and Crassostrea rivularis of Shenquan Port （Shenquan）, but toxicity is a low. All the detected data are significantly lower than the state provisional criterion 80μg STXeq · （100 g）^-1 shellfish parenchyma [for KM mouse, it is about in oysters, but lower in Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus and Perna viridis, and PSP was not detected in Chalmys nobilis. （3）Paralytic shellfish poisoning has a wide geographical distribution, almost covering the whole coastal waters of Guangdong. The highest concentration of PSP was detected in Beijin Port where 2 out of 6 samples found PSP. Among the 12 key thalassic aquafarms, PSP were detected in 8 aquafarms except for Honghai, Daya, Dapeng and Hailing Bays. Detection ratio of PSP accounts for 66.7%. PSP has been also detected in the regions what had not been detected previously and the relative issues are also discussed by.

关 键 词：麻痹性贝毒素 小白鼠生物检测法 贝类 春季 广东近岸海域 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]