长白山四种森林类型凋落物动态特征  

Dynamic characteristics of litterfalls in four forest types of Changbai Mountains,China

作　　者：刘颖[1,2] 韩士杰[2] 林鹿[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学轻工与食品学院,广州510640 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2009年第1期7-11,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(90411020);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KZCX2-YW-416)

摘　　要：2003年5月—2004年9月在长白山自然保护区北坡垂直植被带的4种森林群落——阔叶红松林、红松云冷杉林、岳桦云冷杉林和岳桦林内,利用凋落物收集器法对4种森林生态系统凋落物的凋落节律、年凋落物量进行了研究,同时通过凋落物养分含量分析,计算了凋落物的年养分归还量。结果表明:长白山不同的森林类型有不同的凋落节律及其组成,虽然4种森林凋落节律均是单峰型季节变化,但是其峰值出现的时间不同;不同森林类型之间,以及相同森林类型的不同时间之间,凋落物的年凋落量及其组成明显不同;阔叶红松林的年凋落物量最大,约为490g.m-2,其次为红松云冷杉林、岳桦云冷杉林和岳桦林;森林年凋落物量与海拔高度之间呈显著负相关;长白山4种类型森林的凋落物营养物质归还量都是C>灰分>N>K>P,且养分归还总量随海拔高度增加而减少。By the method of litterfall trap, and from May 2003 to September 2004, an investigation was made on the dynamic chareteristics of the litterfalls in four typical forests along a vertical vegetation zone on the north slope of Changbai Mountains. In the meanwhile, the annual nutrient return of the litterfalls was calculated through nutrient content anlysis. The results showed that different forest types in Changbai Mountains had differnt litter-falling rhythm and different litter composition. Though the seasonal pattern of the litter-falling rhythm was of one-peak, the peak values for the forests appeared at different periods of time. The annual litter-falling amount and the litter composition differed obviously among different forest types and among different periods of time in the same forest type. Broadleaved Korean pine forest had the largest annual litter-falling amount （about 490 g·m^-2）, followed by Korean pine-spruce fir forest, Betula ermanii- spruce fir forest, and B. ermanii forest. There was a significant negative correlation between an- nual litter-falling amount and altitude. The amount of nutrient return from the litterfalls in the four forests was C 〉 ash 〉 N 〉 K 〉 P, and the total amount of the nutrient return was decreased with increasing altitude.

关 键 词：凋落物 凋落节律 养分归还量 长白山 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]