涝渍对棉花产量及其构成的影响  被引量:25

Effects of Water Logging on Yield and Its Components of Cotton

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作  者:张培通[1] 徐立华[1] 杨长琴[1] 杨德银[1] 

机构地区:[1]江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,江苏南京210014

出  处:《江苏农业学报》2008年第6期785-791,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基  金:农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-005-11);江苏省"十一五"科技攻关项目(BE2006306);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(07)103]

摘  要:在棉花盛花期的不同时段对不同品种设置淹水处理试验,研究淹水对棉花产量、产量构成及其形成动态的影响,结果表明,棉花淹水后成铃减少是涝渍导致棉花减产的主要原因;淹水能抑制棉铃发育及纤维发育,导致铃重和衣分降低,严重影响产量。棉花盛花期内,涝渍灾害发生越迟产量损失越大。淹水对单铃籽棉干重的抑制作用一般在棉株受淹后10 d开始表现,淹水解除后持续约20 d。开花后10 d左右的棉铃受淹后恢复期很短,对铃重影响最大;刚开始发育的棉铃受淹后恢复期较长,对铃重的影响相对较小;淹水对已处于纤维加厚高峰期棉铃的籽棉干重增长抑制作用较小。淹水对棉纤维干重增长的抑制作用与其对棉铃籽棉干重影响的趋势相似。A two-year field trial of water logging treatment was carried out on three cotton cuhivars at different days after blooming to investigate the effects of water logging on cotton yield and its components. The reduction of boll setting resulted from water logging was the main cause of cotton yield loss. Water logging inhibited the boll and fibre development, which led to the decrease of boll weight and lint percentage, causing yield loss. The later the water logging, the more the yield loss during full blossom stage. The inhibition of water logging to single boll seed cotton weight was shown 10 d after logging, but could last for 20 d even after the relieve of the logging. The influence of water logging 10 d post-anthesis on boll weight was greater while it was less for boll undergoing logging treatment at development initiation stage. Water logging had little effect on seed cotton weight gain at fribre peak thickening stage. The inhibition of water logging to cotton fibre weight gain was similar to that to seed cotton dry weight.

关 键 词:棉花 涝渍灾害 产量 

分 类 号:Q945.78[生物学—植物学]

 

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