贵州近44a降雪天气形势及物理量诊断分析  

Diagnostic analysis of snowfall situation and physical quantity in winter of Guizhou Province

作　　者：宋丹[1] 胡跃文[1] 刘丽萍 

机构地区：[1]贵州省气象科技服务中心,贵阳550002 [2]贵州省毕节地区气象局,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《气象科学》2008年第B12期71-77,共7页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合计2004-3078)

摘　　要：利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和观测资料,对1962—2005年贵州出现的九次大范围持续时间较长的降雪天气过程的大气环流场、水汽和动力诊断进行分析,并与2008年1月28日降雪天气特征进行匹配验证。结果表明:北脊南槽型、横槽南支型、平直多波动型和高空急流型是造成贵州降雪的主要环流特征;冷空气南下及蒙新高地冷高压和滇黔准静止锋的维持是降雪天气发生的地面重要因素;南支波动是造成强降雪的基础条件;700 hPa西南暖湿气流引导孟加拉湾水汽向西南地区输送,为贵州降雪提供了必要条件;强烈的上升运动为降雪提供足够的动力条件;28日降雪天气特征与历史降雪特征高精确的匹配一致。Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and observation data, the large-scale and longer snowfall weather process of Guizhou from 1962 to 2005 has been analyzed in aspects of atmospheric circulation, water vapor and dynamic diagnosis, and used to verify the characteristics of snowfall which happened on 28 January 2008. The results are as follows ： （ 1 ） there are four main circulation patterns causing snowfall weather at 500 hPa over the area in winter. They are the patterns with the ridge to the north and the trough to the south, the trough oriented in E-W direction, the southern branch trough in India, the straight but some fluctuant, and the upper level jet. （2） The surface cold high over the Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau and the Dianqian quasi-stationary are bursting out to south, which are the important reasons for the snowfall weather process happening. （3） The southern branch trough and some fluctuant at 500 hPa are basic condition of heavy snow process. （4） The southwest warm and wet air leads the moisture from the Bay of Bengle to the southwest of China, which provides the moisture of snowfall process in Guizhou. （5） The strongly ascending motion provides the enough power condition for snowfall. （6） The characteristics of this snowfall has highly exact with the history cases.

关 键 词：降雪 大气环流 物理量 

分 类 号：P456.8[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]