降雨作用下坡面侵蚀的水动力机理  

The hydrodynamic mechanism of slope erosion under rainfall

作　　者：吴永[1,2] 何思明[1] 李新坡[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《生态环境》2008年第6期2440-2444,共5页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40572158);交通部西部科技项目(2006-318-792-85)

摘　　要：降雨作用下的坡面侵蚀不仅导致严重的水土流失,同时也可能诱发严重的重力地质灾害如滑坡、泥石流等。研究其发生发展的机理以及内部理论规律对减灾防灾具有至关重要的作用。文章以水动力学公式为基础,从坡面颗粒侵蚀的水分环境角度入手,分析了浸泡状态下松散颗粒和固定颗粒的侵蚀机理,揭示降雨作用下坡面水流与坡面颗粒间的相互作用关系,并给出各类型侵蚀发生所对应的临界降雨强度。最后,通过实例计算验证了理论的合理性。The slope erosion occurring in rainfall not only causes the serious soil erosion, but also the heavily gravity disaster such as landslides and debris flows. So study the internal mechanism of the erosion become very important in disaster reduction and prevention project. In article, based on the formula of water dynamics, taken the point of water environment on slope surface, the erosion mechanism of slope particles has been studied. Then by analyzing the relationship between overland flow and slope erosion, the critical rainfall intensity of erosion for different kind particles is given. Finally, an example is given to prove the theory.

关 键 词：降雨 坡面水流 颗粒侵蚀 临界降雨强度 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]