难降解有机物污染底质原位修复技术研究进展  

Review on in-situ remediation of sediments contaminated by refractory organic pollutants

作　　者：李轶[1] 李晶[1] 胡洪营[2] 冯毅[3] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]清华大学环境科学与工程系环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100084 [3]江苏省泰兴中学生物组,江苏泰兴225400

出　　处：《生态环境》2008年第6期2482-2487,共6页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2006412411)

摘　　要：随着水环境外污染源得到有效控制,底质污染逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。底质中的污染物尤其是难降解有机物可通过生物富集和生物放大等过程,进一步影响陆生生物和人类的健康。因此,对底质中难降解有机物的修复是目前所迫切需要解决的环境问题之一。基于异位修复成本较高易造成二次污染等缺点,文章针对难降解有机物污染底质,探讨了原位修复技术的研究进展,自然修复成本较低,对生态环境不产生干扰,但不适用于高浓度污染底质;植物修复操作简单,能有效防止污染底质再悬浮,但对高浓度难降解有机物耐受性较低;微生物修复适用范围广,修复效果较为显著,但菌体易流失,对环境的适应性较差。于是,固定化修复技术应运而生,固定化技术能解决传统的微生物修复存在的很多问题,但固定化载体的重复可利用性和再生性问题仍有待解决。文章最后对今后难降解有机物污染底质的研究方向进行了展望,由于污染底质多为复合污染,各取所长的联合修复技术将成为未来的研究热点。Sediment contamination has recently been paid more attention to along with external source of pollution in the aquatic environment. Some sediment pollutants, especially the refractory organic pollutants can be bioaccumulated through the food chain and pose health risks to wildlife and human consumers. Consequently, remediation of sediments contaminated by refractory organic pollutants is one of the urgent environmental issues at present. Ex-situ remediation has been well studied all over the world, but it had some limitations, such as high cost and existing secondary pollution. In-situ remediation of sediments contaminated by refractory organic matter is greatly attracted for its lower cost. The research progress of in-situ remediation technologies was reviewed in this paper. Natural recovery was mainly characterized by its lower cost and less interference in ecological environment along with an adverse effect of removal of the contaminants at lower concentration. Phytoremediation had a convenient operation and could effectively prevent re-suspension of sediments, but it had a lower tolerance to the refractory organic pollutants at higher concentration. Bioremediation could be applied in a wider field with relatively more remarkable results, but it also had many limitations that restricted the use of microorganism in removing the refractory organic pollutants from sediments. Immobilized microorganism technique had been put forward to overcome these disadvantages resulted from conventional bioremediation, however, the regeneration of immobilized carrier was still waiting for resolution. The prospect of issues on the field of in-situ remediation on the refractory organism was finally discussed. A combination of different remediation methods may be necessary for the complicated sediment contamination.

关 键 词：原位修复 难降解有机物 底质污染 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]