开花和灌浆初期高温胁迫对国稻6号结实的生理影响  

Physiological Effects of High Temperature Stress on Grain-Setting for Guodao 6 during Flowering and Filling Stage

作　　者：陶龙兴[1] 谈惠娟[1] 王熹[1] 曹立勇[1] 宋建[1] 程式华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310006

出　　处：《作物学报》2009年第1期110-117,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：中国超级稻研究专项;农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(06-03-01B);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(NYHYZX07-001);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金;浙江省重点攻关项目(2008C22073);国家自然科学基金项目(30871473)资助

摘　　要：为研究杂交稻对开花结实期高温胁迫的生理生态适应性，选用具代表性的主栽杂交稻组合国稻6号、协优46，人工设计极值高温40～42℃，自始穗期至此后15d每天6h行热害处理，以自然气候条件为对照，比较研究高温胁迫对国稻6号与协优46结实的生理影响。结果表明，国稻6号具较高的受孕小穗成粒效应，即不仅不孕小穗率低，而且秕谷率也低。国稻6号对开花结实期高温较协优46钝感，两者在小穗育性和热害指数上的差异达到显著水平（P〈0．05）。究其生理原因：（1）成熟期间稻株剑叶光能转化效率及光合效率较高，茎鞘储藏物质较丰；（2）成熟期间稻株仍具较强根系吸水能力与叶片蒸腾水平，维持蒸腾流利于光合物质运输；（3）成熟灌浆期稻株自动调节粒间顶端优势，增进迟开花的弱势粒充实成实粒。For a better understanding of high temperature stress on flowering and grain setting of rice during anthesis, a new rice hybrids Guodao 6 and a leading rice hybrid Xieyou 46 were selected to study the physiological and morphological adaptability to 40-42℃ of high temperature stress. The treatment was conducted with high temperature for 6 h each day from initial heading to following 15 days, and plants under natural condition was studied as control. Guodao 6 was less sensitive to high temperature stress, showing a stable yield and spikelet fertility and lower heat injury index in the stress condition. Physiologically analyzed data showed that in Guodao 6 during maturation, there were： （1） higher flag leaf photosynthetic rate and higher transform rate from light energy to chemical energy, abundant carbohydrates stored in stem and leaf-sheath as well; （2） relatively stronger physiological activity of roots, and higher leaf transpiration rate, this enhanced translocation of photo-synthate to panicle; （3） better adjustment on ＂Apical grain superiority＂, enhancing the filling of inferior spikelets.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 高温胁迫 光合效率 物质分配 根系活性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S512.1