种植密度和播期对冬小麦品种兰考矮早八干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响  

Effects of Plant Density and Seeding Date on Accumulation and Translocation of Dry Matter and Nitrogen in Winter Wheat Cultivar Lankao Aizao 8

作　　者：屈会娟[1,2] 李金才[1,2] 沈学善[1,2] 魏凤珍[1] 王成雨[1] 郅胜军[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《作物学报》2009年第1期124-131,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89B10);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2006BAD02A06-19);安徽省自然科学基金项目(070411013)资助

摘　　要：以重穗型冬小麦品种兰考矮早八为材料，研究了正常播期（10月10至12日）和适度晚播（10月24至26日）条件下，高（300万株hm^-2）、中（225万株hm^-2）、低（150万株hm^-2）密度对其干物质和氮素积累转运及籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明，不同播期条件下，各密度处理开花期和成熟期单茎干物质和氮素积累量均随播种密度降低而增加，适当晚播和中、低密度有利于单茎干物质和氮素积累，尤其是穗部积累量的提高。正常播期和低密度以及晚播和中等密度处理开花前营养器官贮藏干物质向籽粒的转运量和花前贮藏物质对籽粒重的贡献率显著高于其他处理。正常播期和中、低密度处理以及晚播和中、高密度处理显著提高籽粒淀粉和蛋白质的含量与产量以及籽粒产量，使小麦籽粒产量和品质同步提高。在本试验条件下，兰考矮早八兼顾高产和优质的正常播期和晚播的适宜播种密度分别为150～225万株hm^-2和225～300万株hm^-2。Moderately late seeding has the advantage to alleviate damage by low temperature before overwintering in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. The disadvantage of filleting reduction caused by late seeding may be compensated by increasing plant density. The optimal combination of seeding date and density differs from cultivars or cultivar types. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of plant density and seeding date on the accumulation and transportation of dry matter and nitrogen of large-spike type winter wheat cultivar ＂Lankao Aizao 8＂, accordingly to provide a theoretical basis on appropriate density in production with late seeding. Three densities （150, 225, and 300×10^4 plants ha^-1） and two seeding dates （normal and late） were designed for the field experiment in 2005-2007. The accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen per stem in different organs increased at anthesis and maturity with the decrease of plant density. Under the late seeding condition, medium and low densities positively influenced the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen per stem, especially in spike. The translocation amount of dry matter stored in vegetative organs before anthesis was significantly higher in treatments of low density with normal seeding date and medium density with late seeding date compared with other treatments. Meanwhile, the two treatments showed significantly larger contributions of dry matter to grains. In regard to grain yield and quality, treatments of medium and low densities with normal seeding date and medium and high densities with late seeding date had significantly positive effects on the contents and yields of starch and protein as well as grain yields. In the areas with the condition similar to this experiment, when considering both yield and grain quality, Lankao Aizao 8 is suggested with the densities of 150-225×10^4 ha^-1 for normal seeding and 225-300×10^4 ha^-1 for moderatively late seeding, respectively.

关 键 词：密度 播期 重穗型 干物质积累与转运 氮素积累与转运 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S511