高捕捞强度环境下海洋鱼类生态对策的演变  

The Ecological Strategy Evolution of Marine Fishes under High Intensity Fishing Environment

作　　者：朱晓光[1] 房元勇[2] 严力蛟[1] 章戈[1] 黄璐[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学学院生态规划与景观设计研究所,杭州310058 [2]中国海洋大学水产学院,青岛266003

出　　处：《科技通报》2009年第1期51-55,共5页Bulletin of Science and Technology

摘　　要：分别选取大黄鱼、小黄鱼、带鱼和鳀鱼作为四种海洋生态对策的代表性鱼类,分析了它们在近几十年高捕捞强度环境下生态学性状的变化。发现四类近海鱼类的种群结构均向简单化方向发展,具体表现为:鱼类种群平均体长、平均体重和平均年龄均变小,年龄结构趋于简单,同时种群生长速度和性成熟速度加快,初次性成熟年龄和体长变小,个体生殖力显著增大,死亡率增加。鱼类的生态学参数的一系列变化表明,作为对人为过度捕捞的适应性响应,海洋鱼类为恢复和延续种群,其生态对策由K对策向r对策发展和演变,且这种趋势正在加剧。There are four different ecological strategies among marine fishes,we separately chose large yellow croake, small yellow croake, hairtail and anchovy as the representative fishes of four ocean ecological strategies and analyzed their changes of ecological characters under high intensity fishing environment during the last several decades. We found that all the population structures of the four fishes had a simplification development, the specific expression was that the average body length ,weight and age of population had all diminished,the age structure of fish population tend to simplification. At the same time,both speed of growth and maturity had quickened,the fist maturity age and length had shortened, fecundity and mortality of the fishes had obviously increased. A series of the fishes ecological parameters changes indicate that the ecological strategies of marine fishes have a development and evolution from K strategy to r strategy and the trend is strengthening. The strategy evolution is the adaptive response to human over fishing of marine fishes ,for the complementarity and continuation of their populations.

关 键 词：海洋鱼类 生态对策 演变 K选择 r选择 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]