55年来黄河下游逐日水沙过程变化及其对干流建库的响应  

VARIATION OF DAILY WATER AND SEDIMENT DISCHARGE IN THE YELLOW RIVER LOWER REACHES IN THE PAST 55 YEARS AND ITS RESPONSE TO THE DAM OPERATION ON ITS MAIN STREAM

作　　者：杨作升[1,2] 李国刚[1,2] 王厚杰[1,2] 胡邦琦[1,2] 程义吉[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,青岛266100 [3]黄河河口研究院,东营257031

出　　处：《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2008年第6期9-18,共10页Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB412404);国家自然科学基金项目(40676038)

摘　　要：以55年来(1950—2004年)黄河下游花园口和利津水文站逐日水沙资料为依据,将黄河下游水沙变化分为5个阶段,分别与4个黄河干流水库的开始运作时间对应,分析和对比了花园口和利津两站5阶段逐日水沙记录和图谱特征和变化。结果显示黄河下游逐日水沙特征在干流水库的运作下发生显著的阶段性改变,至小浪底水库建成后发生了根本性变化,主要是洪峰和沙峰消失,传统汛期与非汛期季节划分趋于模糊,调水调沙短期内的输沙量占全年输沙量的2/3以上,下游由淤积变为冲刷、可能产生泥沙异重流的天数大幅度减少。下游河道有显著的削峰、滞洪和淤沙作用,花园口/利津站3—6月逐日水沙量差距分阶段快速加大,最大可达20倍,表明下游耗水增加并集中在春灌时段,是入海水量减少的主因之一。目前,水库联合调水调沙期间是河口异重流发育的最佳时段。55年来黄河下游逐日水沙过程的变化表明,黄河逐日水沙特征发生了受控于人类活动的根本性变化。Based on the daily data of water and sediment discharge recorded at Huayuankou and Lijin hydrographic stations in the Yellow River lower reaches during the past 55 years （1950-2004）, characteristics of the daily water and sediment discharge and its variation at the two stations were analyzed and compared through 5 phases corresponding to the periods of operation of 4 large dams on the main stream. The result shows that the characteristics of the daily water and sediment discharge changed significantly in a stepwise way in coincidence with the period of operation of the 4 large reservoirs on the main river stream. The nat- ural character of the daily water and sediment transport processes before the reservoir construction has been totally changed into a human control one after the operation of Xiaolangdi reservoir. The major change after that was as follows： water flood peak and sediment peak disappeared; difference in terms of water and sediment discharge between flood season and non-flood season became ambiguous; sediment load during the water and sediment regulation period accounts for above 2/3 of its annual amount, and the river bed of the lower reaches turns to be eroded rather than accumulated. Comparison of the daily records be tween the two stations illustrates that the channel of the lower reaches plays a notable role both in flood peak-shaping and restraint and in sediment trapping during the water and sediment transport process from Huayuankou to Lijin. The difference in daily water-sediment discharge between the 2 stations from March to June increased rapidly for the last 30 years and reached as high as 20 times, indicating that the water consumption in the lower reaches is concentrated in this spring irrigation period and is a major cause for water reduction in the lower reaches. In recent years, even the runoff and sediment load of the Yellow Riv er decrease sharply, however, the sediment concentration at Lijin during the water and sediment regulation period after flood season still reaches hi

关 键 词：逐日水沙 水沙谱 水库调蓄 黄河下游 

分 类 号：P512.31[天文地球—地质学]