纳米RDX的制备及其机械感度和热分解特性  

Preparation,Mechanical Sensitivity and Thermal Decomposition Characteristics of RDX Nanoparticles

作　　者：宋小兰[1,2] 李凤生[1] 张景林[2] 王毅[1] 安崇伟[1] 郭效德[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学国家特种超细粉体工程技术研究中心,江苏南京210094 [2]中北大学化工与环境学院,山西太原030051

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2008年第6期1-4,共4页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50602024);总装备部预研项目(62301070203)

摘　　要：采用溶胶-凝胶法,通过引入1,2-环氧丙烷作为Fe()离子的水解促进剂,在温和条件下制备了RDX/Fe2O3湿凝胶,经超临界干燥后得到纳米RDX/Fe2O3复合含能材料的气凝胶,再用稀盐酸将气凝胶中的无定形Fe2O3溶蚀后最终得到RDX纳米粒子。利用TEM、SEM、EDS、XRD和DSC对纳米RDX的微观形貌、表面元素组成、晶体结构和热分解特性进行了研究,并测试了RDX的机械感度。结果表明,制备的纳米RDX粒径约为60～90nm;纳米RDX的撞击感度略低于微米RDX,但其摩擦爆炸百分数却增加了54%;热分析结果表明,纳米RDX的分解放热峰较微米RDX提前了10.74℃,活化能降低了18020J/mol。Via introducing 1,2-epoxypropane as the agent for speeding up the hydrolyzation of Fe （ Ⅲ ） ions, RDX/ Fe2O3 wet gel had been prepared by sol-gel method under the mild condition, then the RDX/Fe2O3 aerogel was obtained by means of CO2 supereritieal extraction. Subsequently, the RDX nanoparticles were prepared until the amorphous Fe2O3 had been etched completely with diluted hydrochloric acid. TEM, SEM, EDS, XRD and DSC were employed to characterize the nano-RDX and to investigate its thermal decomposition characteristics, and mechanical sensitivity was tested. Results indicated that the as-prepared RDX nanoparticles is about 60-90nm. The impact sensitivity of nano-RDX is lower than that of the raw RDX somewhat, while its explosive probability for friction sensitivity is higher than that of raw RDX by 54%. The peak temperature and the activation energy for thermal decomposition of nano-RDX decreased by 10.74℃ and 18020J·mol^-1, respectively, compared with those of the raw RDX.

关 键 词：材料科学 纳米材料 RDX 溶胶-凝胶法 超临界提取 机械感度 热分解 

分 类 号：TQ328.9[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]