伴对立违抗障碍的ADHD患儿相关家庭环境因素对照研究  

A Comparison of Parental Rearing Pattern and Family Adaptability and Cohesion of ADHD with or Without ODD

作　　者：张跃兵[1] 罗学荣[1] 管冰清[2] 袁秀洪[2] 叶海森[1] 宁志军 杨伟 韦臻[1] 丁军[1] 邓云龙[2] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅二医院精神卫生研究所,湖南长沙410011 [2]中南大学湘雅三医院心理科,湖南长沙410013 [3]永州芝山精神病医院 [4]娄底康复医院

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2008年第6期659-661,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：北京回龙观医院临床流行病学研究室费立鹏教授和中国协和医科大学张学教授负责的中华医学基金会(CMB)资助的“提高中国精神卫生研究质量并赞助开展多个高质量小型研究项目”的技术支持和资助#02-777

摘　　要：目的:探讨伴或不伴对立违抗性障碍的注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的父母教养方式以及家庭亲密度和适应性的特点。方法:对湖南省长沙、益阳、娄底、郴州、永州、怀化六个地区进行抽样调查,共抽样9495名儿童。用二阶段流行病学调查方法,凡符合诊断标准的ADHD儿童和正常对照组儿童由儿童本人填写父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)及家庭亲密度和适应性量表(中文版)。结果:①单纯ADHD组与对照组相比,母亲的情感温暖因子得分较对照组低(P=0.017),父母亲的惩罚因子得分均明显高于对照组(P=0.000),父亲拒绝因子得分明显高于对照组(P=0.002),母亲拒绝因子得分明显高于对照组(P=0.000),父亲的过度保护因子得分较高于对照组(P=0.028)。②ADHD+ODD与对照组相比,父亲的情感温暖因子得分明显低于对照组(P=0.002),母亲的情感温暖因子得分明显低于对照组(P=0.003),父母亲的惩罚,拒绝及父亲的过度保护因子得分均明显高于对照组(P=0.000)。③ADHD+ODD与对照组相比,实际亲密度因子得分明显低于对照组(P=0.001),理想亲密度因子得分较对照组低(P=0.012)。结论:伴或不伴对立违抗的ADHD患儿的父母教养方式以及家庭亲密度和适应性方面均存在着诸多方面的问题。Objective： To study family environment,parental rearing pattern and family adaptability and cohesion of ADHD with or without ODD. Methods： A sample survey of a total of 9,495 children was conducted in six regions including Changsha, Yiyang, Loudi, Chenzhou, Yongzhou, Huaihua in Hunan Province. There were two phases of the investigation. The Child Mental Disorders Screening survey forms were completed at first. Then, ADHD and ODD were diagnosed by the K-SADS-PL and the DSM-IV. And those selected were asked to fill out Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran （EMBU） and family adaptability and cohesion scale （FACESII-CV）. Results： ①Compared with normal controls,the scores of factors of those punished, and refused excessively by parents were significant higher（P〈0.01）. The scores of those protected by fathers were higher（P=0.028）; however, the factor＂affectionate warmth＂scores of mothers were lower（P=0.017）. ②Compared with normal controls, the scores of factors of ADHD＋ODD punished, and refused and protected excessively by fathers were significant higher （P〈0.01）. However, the factor ＂affectionate warmth＂scores of mother and father were lower （P〈0.01）. ③Compared with normal controls, the actual family cohesion scores of ADHD＋ODD were lower（P=0.001）, and the ideal family cohesion scores were lower than the normal controls too（P=0.012）. Conclusion： There are some problems in parental rearing patterns and family adaptability and cohesion of ADHD with or without ODD.

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 对立违抗性障碍 养育方式 亲密度和适应性 

分 类 号：R395.2[哲学宗教—心理学]