春季高原东南角多雨中心的气候特征及水汽输送分析  

Analyses on Climatic Features and Water Vapour Transportation of Rainy Center in Southeast Corner of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Spring

作　　者：鲁亚斌[1] 解明恩[2] 范菠 索渺清[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省气象台,云南昆明650034 [2]云南省气象局,云南昆明650034 [3]西藏自治区林芝气象局,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《高原气象》2008年第6期1189-1194,共6页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：云南省气象局青年研究基金项目(Q200804)资助

摘　　要：利用藏东南及滇西北的雨量资料和NCEP／NcAR再分析资料，揭示了青藏高原东南角多雨中心春季的“早雨季”气候事实，发现多雨中心雨季长达9个月，春汛期雨量占全年总雨量的30％～40％，降水极大值也可出现在春汛期。通过整层水汽通量诊断分析，研究了春季青藏高原东南角多雨中心的水汽输送特征，结果表明：青藏高原东南角多雨中心上游雅鲁藏布江流域存在一个水汽通量大值中心，在阿拉伯海北部与孟加拉湾北部及印缅北部也存在水汽通量大值区，相关分析发现，多雨中心的降水与上述水汽通量大值区存在显著相关性；水汽流场显示出雅鲁藏布江-布拉马普特拉河、孟加拉湾、阿拉伯海和南支槽前偏西水汽流向多雨中心输送水汽，使其成为“水汽汇”，雅鲁藏布江、阿拉伯海的远距离水汽输送是多雨中心水汽来源不可忽视的重要因素。Rainfall data and NCEP/NCAR data of Yunnan and Tibet were used to indicate the fact of ＂early rainfall season＂ rainy center in southeast corner of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in spring. The fact revealed that the rainfall season of pluvial center lasted for 9 months, and the rainfall amount in spring flood season took 30% - 40% of the annual precipitation, and maximum rainfall mainly happened in spring flood season. Diagnostic analysis of vapour flux of all layers of atmosphere was used to research on the water vapour transportation features of rainy center in southeast corner of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The result indicated that there was a high value center of vapour flux existing along the drainage area of Yaluzangbujiang River which located at the downstream of rainy center in southeast corner of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. And in the north of Arabia Sea, at the north of Bay of Bengal and the north of India and Myanmar there was also a high value area of vapour flux. Related analysis indicated that the high value area of vapour flux was corresponded well with rainy centers. The water vapour stream revealed that Yaluzangbujiang River, Bay of Bengal, Arabia Sea and west stream at the front of Southern Trough trans- ported water vapour to rainy center and made the rainy center become the ＂water vapour sink＂. The farway water vapour transportation of Yaluzangbujiang River-Brahmaputra River and Arabia sea was also an important water vapour origin which can＇t be ignored.

关 键 词：青藏高原 多雨中心 气候特征 水汽通量 

分 类 号：P46[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]