1980—2003年京、津、冀地区大气能见度变化趋势研究  

Visibility Trends in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei Province during 1980—2003

作　　者：范引琪[1] 李春强 

机构地区：[1]河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室河北省气象科技服务中心,河北石家庄050021 [2]河北省气象科学研究所,河北石家庄050021

出　　处：《高原气象》2008年第6期1392-1400,共9页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：北京区域气象中心科技创新基金项目(BRMCCX200604);城市气象科学研究基金项目(UMRF200604);河北省气象局科研开发项目(06KY10)共同资助

摘　　要：利用京、津、冀88个气象站1980—2003年能见度、相对湿度和天气现象等气象要素资料,剔除气象因素对能见度的影响,采用累积百分率和Ridit两种方法,分析了由于人为空气污染所造成的区域大气能见度变化趋势。结果表明,24年来京、津、冀大部分地区能见度呈下降趋势,其中沧州、廊坊、天津、衡水和邯郸五地区下降趋势最为明显。四个季节中,夏季下降趋势最显著。1995年以后,京、津、冀能见度低值主要出现在石家庄、邢台、邯郸、廊坊、天津和沧州地区,而北京市能见度出现明显上升趋势。2001—2003年大部分地区能见度仍呈下降趋势,夏季和冬季下降趋势最为明显,河北省西南部太行山地区能见度最差。将区域能见度趋势与同期能源消耗量和机动车趋势进行对比,结果表明,大气能见度趋势与能源消耗和机动车增长存在很好的相关性。The patterns and trends of visibility in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province were presented for the period of 1980--2003 by using two statistical methods： Cumulative percentiles and Ridit analysis. Visibility, relative humidity and other related data from 88 surface weather stations were considered. Visibility data were screened for meteorological effects. The results showed that the visibility has declined in most parts of this region in the past 24 years. The most marked decline of visibility was in summer, and the most outstanding visibility decline was occurred in Cangzhou, Langfang, Tianjin, Hengshui and Handan. After 1995, the poorest visibility was in two areas, one was Shijiazhuang, Xingtai and Handan, the other was Langfang, Tianjing and Cangzhou. There has been an obvious improvement of visibility in Beijing since 1995. From 2001 to 2003, the tendency of visibility in most parts of this region was still declined, especially in summer and winter, and the poorest visibility was in the non-urban sites located in the southwest part of Hebei Province near Mountain Taihang. In addition, it was founded that a good correlation was existed between the visibility change trends and the energy consumption and the numbers of automobiles variation tendency at the same time by comparing them.

关 键 词：大气能见度 累积百分率 RIDIT分析法 空气污染 

分 类 号：P412.17[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]