中国吸虱昆虫区系及物种多样性研究  

Study on the Fauna and Species Diversity of Sucking Lice in China

作　　者：孟艳芬[1] 郭宪国[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南大理学院病原与媒介生物研究所,云南大理671000

出　　处：《四川动物》2009年第1期147-152,共6页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30460125;30060078);云南省自然科学基金(2004C0049M)

摘　　要：吸虱是寄生于真兽类哺乳动物体表的专性吸血寄生虫,广布于世界各地。我国已知吸虱11科22属96种,分别占世界已知科、属、种的64.71%、45.83%、17.14%。从分类阶元、特有物种、动物地理区划和宿主动物4个方面分析了我国吸虱的物种多样性。中国特有种吸虱27种。中国横跨古北和东洋两界,吸虱分布以东洋界和古北界共有属级分布型最丰富,有13属29种;其次为东洋界特有分布型,有6属41种,种类丰富;古北界特有分布型仅2属,但种类丰富,有24种。吸虱在7个地理区分布,以华中区、华南区、西南区3个地理区的吸虱物种多样性较高,其它4个区的物种多样性较低。我国吸虱物种多样性较为丰富,吸虱的物种分布受宿主动物地域分布的影响较大。吸虱的宿主动物种类丰富,但宿主动物体表吸虱的物种多样性低,一科(属)阶元的吸虱其宿主多为相对应的一科(亚科)动物阶元,反映了吸虱宿主特异性较高的事实,是吸虱与其宿主协同进化的生态学表现。Sucking lice are exclusively hematophagous ectoparasites of eutherian （placental） mammals, and are worldwide distribution. The results show that 96 species belonged to 22 genera, 11 families of Anoplura have been described in China, accounting for 64.71% , 45.83% , 17.14% of known sucking lice species, genera and families in the world, respectively. Based on the references, the species diversity of sucking lice have been studied through the analysis of taxon category, endemic species, zoogeography and host animals. There are 27 endemic sucking lice species in China. China stretches across the Palaearctic realm and Oriental realm. The sucking louse genera of China mainly consist of Palaearctic and Oriental components with 13 genera （29 species）. There are 6 genera （41 species） endemism type in Oriental realm while only 2 genera （24 species） endemism type in Palaearctic realm. The Middle China Region, the South China Region and the Southwest China Region which belonged to the Oriental realm, have high sucking lice species diversity in seven geographical regions of China and the other four regions have lower species diversity. Although the sucking lice species diversity is abundant in China, the distribution of sucking lice species is much more depended on the rich species of host animals＇ distribution in China. Each family （genus） of sucking louse has the corresponding host animal and parasites on the specific family （genus） host animal. The results indicate the fact that there is a high host specificity of sucking lice and also represent the ecology phenomenon of the coevolutionary relationship between sucking lice and their mammal hosts.

关 键 词：吸虱 物种多样性 区系 动物地理区划 宿主动物 中国 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]