含能盐和含能离子液体  

Energetic Salts and Energetic Ionic Liquids

作　　者：黄海丰[1] 孟子晖[1] 周智明[1] 高海翔[2] 章军[1] 吴玉凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学化工与环境学院,北京100081 [2]中国农业大学应用化学系,北京100094

出　　处：《化学进展》2009年第1期152-163,共12页Progress in Chemistry

摘　　要：近年来含能盐和含能离子液体由于其独特的性质而受到广泛关注。本文综述了多种含能盐和含能离子液体(阳离子包括三唑、四唑、双环唑、六次甲基四胺等;阴离子包括硝酸根、高氯酸根、硝基唑、叠氮根、四硝基铝、多腈基化合物、二硝基尿素等)的合成;结合其表征结果分析了阳离子上的取代基以及阴阳离子对它们的性能如熔点、生成焓、密度等的影响。对含能盐和含能离子液体在炸药和推进剂方面的应用进行了展望。Energetic salts and energetic ionic liquids have been investigated widely in recent years for their properties, such as low vapor pressures and high densities. The synthesis methods of energetic salts and energetic ionic liquids （cations including triazole, tetrazole, bridged azole, hexamethyenetetrammonia, etc ; and anions including nitrate, perchlorate, azide, tetranitratealuminate, polycyan anion, N, N＇-dinitrourea, etc. ）are reviewed, and the effects of cations, anions and their substitution groups on melting point, enthalpy of formation, density of the materials are summarized. The applications of these compounds on explosives and propellants are also discussed.

关 键 词：离子液体 含能盐 含能材料 推进剂 熔铸炸药 

分 类 号：O626.2[理学—有机化学] O645.4[理学—化学]