早美丽李雌雄蕊败育过程的解剖学观察  

An anatomical study on abortion process of pistils and stamens in Early Beauty plum

作　　者：潘芝梅[1,2] 郑小艳[1] 滕元文[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学园艺系,农业部园艺植物生长发育与品质调控重点开放试验室,杭州310029 [2]丽水职业技术学院,浙江丽水323000

出　　处：《果树学报》2009年第1期43-47,F0003,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

摘　　要：为探明近年来早美丽李芽萌发阶段发生的花芽严重败育脱落的原因,采用石蜡切片方法,以皇家宝石为对照,观察花器后继发育过程中雌雄蕊的败育情况。结果表明,早美丽李的雌雄蕊结构分化前期能够正常完成。但在进一步的性细胞生长和分化过程中,早美丽李雌雄蕊的继续发育受阻,并在开花前24d雄蕊的花药囊壁外层细胞先发生异常,最终出现多方面的畸形——成为整个花芽退化的形式。对照皇家宝石李在花前20d,雄蕊进入小孢子母细胞主要时期,雌蕊进入胚珠突起主要时期;花前10d进入幼嫩花粉粒出现主要时期,花前7d分化出完整的胚珠。根据其雌雄蕊败育发生时期和败育特征情况,结合2005—2006年和2006-2007年2个冬季较其他年份出现的明显的暖冬天气情况,作者认为导致早美丽李花器严重败育与这2a冬季低温量不足有关。In order to ascertain the reasons why serious abscission occurred in flower buds of Early Beauty plum cuhivar during bud breaking period in recent years, paraffin microtomy was applied for the observation of abortion of the pistil and stamen during the later development of flower buds. It was found that early structure differentiation of pistil and stamen of Early Beauty plum could be normally completed ; but the succeeding differentiation of sex cell of Early Beauty plum was blocked. Until 24 days before flowering, the outer cells in the anther capsule of stamens began to become abnormal, and ultimately, various types of deformities induced the degradation of flower buds. In contrast, Royal Jewel plum, a normal flowering cuhivar, began the development of the mother cell of microspores of the stamen and the ovule swelling of the pistil 20 days before flowering; young pollen grains mostly appeared 10 days before flowering; the integrated ovules of the pistil had developed 7 days before flowering. Considering the occurring time and characteristics of abortion of the pistil and stamen, and warm winters encountered in recent years （2005-2006, 2006-2007）, the flower abortion of Early Beauty plum might be contributed to the lack of chilling requirement.

关 键 词：早美丽李 花器败育 显微观察 

分 类 号：S662.3[农业科学—果树学]