厦门市34455名儿童尿常规筛查分析  

Urine routine screening of 34455 school children in Xiamen city.

作　　者：沈彤 彭桂兰 张慧芬 黄种钦 张继永 王真真 史俊霞 钟胜辉[3] 

机构地区：[1]厦门市妇幼保健院儿科,福建厦门361000 [2]厦门市妇幼保健院儿保科,福建厦门361000 [3]厦门市第三医院,福建厦门316000

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2009年第1期89-91,共3页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：厦门市卫生局科研基金项目(XMWSK0633)

摘　　要：【目的】了解厦门市学龄儿童隐匿性肾脏病的发病情况，探讨早期发现并防治慢性肾脏疾病的方法。【方法】以在厦门市居住达一年以上的3～14岁儿童为对象，抽取35003名幼儿园及小学儿童，取晨尿进行尿液常规检验。初次尿液检查阳性者2周后复查。观察结果分四组随访（无症状血尿、无症状蛋白尿、血尿＋蛋白尿、白细胞尿）。【结果】共有34455人留晨尿行尿液筛查。初筛阳性者3436人，初次尿筛阳性率3．0％～20．4％，平均9．51％；复查尿检阳性率0．50％～1．98％，幼儿园儿童无症状血尿阳性率1．21％、无症状蛋白尿0．03％，血尿＋蛋白尿0．02％；小学生无症状血尿阳性率1．01％，蛋白尿0．19％，血尿＋蛋白尿0．09％。小学生蛋白尿及血尿蛋白尿发生率显著高于幼儿园儿童（P〈0．05）。【结论】①儿童集体尿筛查是发现隐匿性肾炎的有效办法；②本市儿童尿检阳性者女性多于男性，血尿阳性率高，蛋白尿阳性率低；③小学生慢性肾脏疾病的检出率高。[Objective] To find out the prevalence of asymptomatic kidney disease in 3-14 years old children of Xiamen, and explore the way how to find it early and to prevent the chronic kidney disease. [Methods] 35 003 children who were 3-14 years old and stay in Xiamen for more than one year were selected, the first-morning urine routine screening were taken in 34 455 children, two weeks later, the second screening was conducted for that who had abnomal results in the first urining screening. The children who still had abnomal results were requested to follow-up for a long time. [Results] In the first urinary screening, 3 436 children had abnomal results, the positive rate of screening was from 3% to 20.4%, in the second urining screening ,the rate was from 0.5% to 1.98%. The positive rate for asymptomatic hematuria was 1.21%, 0.03 % for asymptomatie protenuria, 0. 02% for hematuria combined proteinuria in the kindergarden children; while in the elementary school, the abnormalities were 1.01% for asymptomatic hematuria, 0.19% for asymptomatic protenuria, 0.09 % for hematuria combined proteinuria. The abnormalities in asymptomatic protenuria and hematuria combined proteinuria of kindergarden were significantly lower than elmentary school children（P〈 0. 05）. [ Conclusions] ①Mass urinary screening is powerful in finding kidney disease early . ②The positive rate of urine routine screening in fe- male is higher than in male, hematuria occurred more and proteinia occurred a few. ③Urinary screening in elementary school children tend to find more chronic kidney disease.

关 键 词：尿常规 血尿 蛋白尿 集体儿童 

分 类 号：R172[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]