湖北省仙桃市饮水型地方性砷中毒病区和高砷区水砷筛查报告  

Screening report on endemic arsenism and high content of arsenic in Xiantao City, Hubei Province

作　　者：赵淑军[1] 刘甘露[1] 杨宝霞[1] 罗中俊[1] 陆业新[1] 李向红[1] 王芳[1] 谭守姣[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省仙桃市疾病预防控制中心地方病科 ,433000

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2009年第1期71-74,共4页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的查清湖北省仙桃市饮水型地方性砷中毒（简称地砷病）病区和高砷水源的分布，为防治工作提供科学依据。方法根据《中国地方性砷中毒分布调查实施方案》与《湖北省高砷水源筛查项目实施方案》，并结合仙桃市的地域特点，选择7个镇（区、场），采取普查和抽样调查相结合，采用统一试剂盒半定量法筛检居民饮水砷，超标水样再用国标法复核。利用已发现病区和本次筛查出的高砷井居民户资料开展线索调查，筛查地砷病病人。结果仙桃市7个镇（区、场）均存在高砷水源。在81个自然村中水砷超标的有35个村，超标率为43．21％（35／81）。共筛查水井4020眼，筛查出超标井269眼，超标井（〉0．05mg／L）检出率为6．69％（269／4020），其中沙湖原种场超标井检出率最高为13．56％（115／848）。高砷暴露总人口1091人，暴露率为5．75％（1091／18975），儿童高砷暴露人口281人，暴露率为5．82％（281／4826），其中沙湖原种场的高砷暴露总人口为467人，暴露率为13．26％（467／3522），儿童高砷暴露人口为129人，暴露率为12．91％（129／999）。结论仙桃市广泛存在高砷水源，且以沙湖原种场为中心的东南部高砷水源检出率、人口暴露率、儿童暴露率相对较高，防治工作重点应在这一地区尽快落实改水这一根本措施。其他检出率较低的地区也不可忽视，需因时制宜、因地制宜地做好相应预防。Objective To investigate the basic distribution of endemic areas in the type of drinking water arsenism and in Xiantao City, Hubei Province, and to offer a scientific basis for control and prevention. Methods According to ＂the Chinese Scheme of Implementing Surveillance of Distribution of Endemic Arsenism＂, considering with the special geography feature of Xiantao, both sampling and overall survey were used in 7 towns chosen. The water arsenic content was determined by half quantitative fast reagent-box method. We began to search for clues and patients according to the endemic areas and the families with high arsenic wells. Results High endemic arsenic water sources were distributed in 7 the towns（districts or farms）. In 81 villages of Xiantao City, 35 villages had drinking water arsenic content exceeding 0.05 mg/L, accounting for 43.21%（35/81 ）. In 4020 screened wells, 269 had arsenic content higher than the national standard, the detective rate of high arsenic wells（more than 0.05 mg/L） was 6.69% （269/4020）, with the highest rate in Shahu Seed Plant being 13.56% （115/848）. The population exposed to high arsenic was 1091, in a rate of 5.75%（1091/18 975）, in which 281 children were exposed in a rate of 5.82% （281/4826）. In Shahu Seed Plant, 467 people including 129 children were exposed to high arsenic, accounting for 13.26%（467/3522） and 12.91%（129/999）, respectively. Conclusions High arsenic sources widely exist in Xiantao City, especially in Shahu Seed Plant, where arsenic content, the exposed rate of population and children are high. Therefore, prevention and control should be carried out in the southeast as soon as possible, as well as in other places where situation is less serious.

关 键 词：砷中毒 流行病学研究 分布 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]