中国东南部干湿气候的特征  

Features of Arid and Wet Climate in Southeast China

作　　者：赵仲辉[1] 郑德娟[2] 陈创买[2] 

机构地区：[1]中南林学院资源与环境学院,株洲412006 [2]中山大学大气科学系,广州510275

出　　处：《中南林学院学报》1998年第1期42-48,共7页Journal of Central South Forestry University

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金

摘　　要：利用中国东南部90个测站36a（1954～1990年）的月平均温度和降水量资料,计算了干湿指数.并以其作基础,对中国东南部的干湿气候特征进行了分析和区划.结果表明,该区干湿指数分布以零陵、宜春、金华一线为中心,1～6月围绕该中心向南、北、西3个方向降低,7～12月绕该中心向四周增大,干湿指数等值线冬春半年在东经110°以东地区基本以纬向为主,在其以酉地区以经向为主.夏季里在长江以南地区以经向为主;在南岭以南地区,干湿指数值变化较大,大小差值可达3.86,而长江以北地区最大差值仅为2左右;多数地区湿季长于干季.湿季一般为7～8个月,干季一般为4～5个月.根据各地干湿气候的变化,可将中国东南部划分为湿润和全年偏湿等12种类型.Monthly indices of aridity and wetness(IAW) were calculated by using the monthly mean temperature and rainfall data of 90 stations in southeast China from 1954 to 1990. The results show that the distribution of IAW centers around the prefectures of Linglin, Yichuang and Jinghua, and radiates from the center toward the directions of south, north and east in decreasing amount from January to June,and toward all directions in increasing amount from July to December. The isoplethes of IAW are distrituted in winter and spring along the latitudinal line on the east side of east longitude 110°,and along the longitudinal line on the west side of east longitude 110°;and in summer,also along the longitudinal line in the areas south of Changjiang River. The annual range of the IAW in south China is big. The maximum difference value is 3. 86, while in the areas north of Changjiang River,it is only 2. In most areas of the distribution center,wet season is longer than dry season. Generally,wet season lasts 7-8 months,dry season lasts 4-5 months.According to the changing law of arid and wet climate in southeast China,author of this paper divides the center into 12 climate types.

关 键 词：干湿气候 干湿指数 分布特征 区域划分 

分 类 号：P462[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S716.3[农业科学—林学]