复杂地表煤田地震资料处理的关键技术研究  

Research on Key Techniques for Coalfield Seismic Data Processing in the Rugged Topography Areas

作　　者：李国发[1] 常索亮[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)CNPC物探重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2009年第1期61-66,共6页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2007CB209608);国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2007AA06Z218)

摘　　要：利用广义线性反演折射静校正和叠加能量最大剩余静校正解决由于地表因素引起的反射时差问题;用基于能量和时差调整的规则干扰压制技术消除与地表有关的干扰波;用基于频谱调制的地表一致性反褶积技术补偿激发和接收因素引起的地震记录频谱差异,增强地震信号在叠加剖面上的聚焦能力.结果表明,上述方案降低了地表因素对地震信号的能量、频率和传播时间的影响,在共炮点道集上,折射波同相轴的线性轨迹和煤层反射同相轴的双曲线轨迹被清晰地恢复出来.叠加剖面上煤层反射的旁瓣得到压制,主频提高了10 Hz,改善了地震资料描述煤层结构的能力.The arrival time differences caused by surface factors were corrected by the generalized linear inversion refraction static correction and stack-power maximization residual static correction. The surface-related noises were suppressed by the regular noise elimination technique based on the power and time shift adjustment. The spectrum differences resulted from exciting and receiving factors were compensated by the surface-consistent deconvolution based on a spectrum-modulation to focus the seismic reflection in the stack data. The results show that the proposed scheme weakened the effects of the surface factors on energy, frequency and travel time. The linear tracks of refracted events and hyperbolic tracks of reflected events were clearly recovered in the shot gathers. On the stack sections the sidelobes of coalbed reflections were suppressed and the dominant frequency was increased by 10 Hz, in which the ability of seismic data to describe the coalbed structure was improved.

关 键 词：复杂地表 低降速带 规则干扰 静校正 频谱调制 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]