运动对青少年骨骼生长发育的影响及机制  

Physical Activity Promoting Pubertal Bone Growth

作　　者：赵仁清[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学体育与健康科学学院博士,金华321004

出　　处：《体育与科学》2009年第1期69-72,共4页Sports & Science

基　　金：浙江师范大学博士科研启动基金,项目号:ZC304007098

摘　　要：为研究在青春期养成良好的运动习惯对骨骼生长发育的影响及可能的机制,对165名小学生进行问卷调查和体质测量,分别在实验开始、第1和第2年测试:身高(H)、体重(W)、脂肪含量(FM)、瘦体重含量(LM)、全身骨密度(BMD)、骨量(BMC)和骨面积(BA)及血清瘦素(Le)、雌二醇(E2)、IGF-I等。运动情况根据问卷调查获得。结果表明在基础测量时经常运动(HP)与不经常运动组(LP)之间各项指标没有显著性差异。在一年后的第二次测量时经常运动组的BMD(HP:922±79 g/cm2;LP:900±76 g/cm2;p=0.010)、BMC(HP:1636±262 mg;LP:1421±364 mg;p=0.039)明显比不经常运动组高。而在第三次测量经常运动组LM(HP:34.5±3.9kg;LP:33.1±3.9kg;p=0.019)、BMD(HP:1028±66 g/cm2;LP:995±77 g/cm2;p=0.009)和BMC(HP:1916±300 mg;LP:1812±331 mg;p=0.010)也明显高于不经常运动组。无论在第二、三次测量时二组间的BA、血清Le、E2和IGF-I却没有显著差异。提示良好的运动习惯明显促进青少年骨骼生长发育,其可能的机制是肌肉在运动时产生的机械牵张力是促进骨骼生长发育的主要因素,而不是通过改变激素的分泌对骨骼产生调节作用。The study aimed to investigate the influence of physical activity on pubertal bone growth. The 165 healthy adolescents volunteered to participated in the study to determine the changes of body height, body weight, lean mass, BMD, BMC and BA as well as serum leptin, estradiol, IGF--I The level of physical activity was determined by questionnaire. There were no any difference in hormones, BMD, BMD, BA and LM between high and low physical activity groups at baseline. Increased BMD, BMC at second measurement, and elevated LM, BMD and BMC at third measurement were found in high physical activity group, without any significant differences in BA and serum leptin, estradiol, IGF--I. It suggested that physical activity contributed to pubertal bone growth, and the mechanical load was the regulating factor but not endocrinal mechanism.

关 键 词：青春期骨骼发育 运动 激素 机械力作用 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]