丙森锌对苹果褐斑病的防治效果及其对叶片锌含量的影响  

Efficacy of propineb for controlling leaf blotch caused by Marssonina coronaria and its effect on zinc content in apple leaves

作　　者：周天仓[1,2] 赵华[1] 黄丽丽[1] 奚焕民 周冬子 程晶晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西省农业分子生物学重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省蒲城县植保植检站,蒲城715500

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2008年第6期519-524,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-055);高等学校学科创新引智计划资助项目(B07049);教育部“长江学者和创新团队”支持计划(PCSIRT200558)

摘　　要：为揭示有机硫杀菌剂丙森锌对苹果褐斑病菌Marssonina coronaria的毒力,采用液体培养的菌丝干重、繁殖体产生数量、分生孢子萌发率研究其室内毒力,并在田间不同时间喷施药剂后调查病情,同时利用原子吸收法测定叶片锌含量。结果表明,丙森锌可抑制病菌分生孢子萌发和分生孢子盘产生,但对菌丝生长的抑制作用相对较弱,其EC50值分别为1.07、1.70和6.76μg.mL-1;两年的田间药效试验结果表明,丙森锌在施用浓度为875mg.L-1时对苹果褐斑病的防治效果达90%以上,与对照药剂代森锰锌(1000mg.L-1)相当,表现出较好的防治效果;在陕西省关中地区每个生长季节的4月下旬至6月上旬(花后至幼果期)喷施2～3次,可有效控制病害的发生和流行,防治效果达90%。喷施丙森锌2次后70多天内苹果叶片的锌含量由20.9mg.kg-1提高到75mg.kg-1。Leaf blotch is the major disease led to severe defoliation in early summer in apple orchard. To reveal the control effect of propineb to Marssonina coronaria, the dry weight of mycelia from liquid culture, fruit body production and rate of conidia germination were used as parameters to evaluate the fungitoxicity in vitro; field disease control efficacy was estimated by survey in different time after spray and effect of propineb on leaf zinc content was evaluated by atomic absorption spectrometry. The fungitoxicity test in the laboratory showed that propineb exhibited stronger inhibition on conidial germination and acervuli formation, than on mycelial growth depending on ECs0 of each assay 1.07, 1.70 and 6.76μg · mL^- 1, respectively. The field control trial in 2005 and 2006 revealed that the good control of Marssonina leaf blotch was achieved by spraying propineb at 875 mg · L^-1 with more than 90% control efficacy, as good as mancozeb at 1 000 mg · L^-1 Spray at different time and different frequencies showed that apply propineb two to three times from last ten days of April to early ten days of June in a growing season, the period from post-anthesis to young fruit stage, gave more than 90% control efficacy in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province. In addition, propineb remarkably increased the leaf zinc content from 20.9 mg ·kg^-1 to 75 mg ·kg^-1 in apple leaves in more than 70 d after 2 time applications.

关 键 词：丙森锌 苹果褐斑病 室内毒力 田间防效 叶片锌含量 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]