Hardness of materials:studies at levels from atoms to crystals  

作　　者：LI KeYan XUE DongFeng 

机构地区：[1]Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China

出　　处：《Chinese Science Bulletin》2009年第1期131-136,共6页

基　　金：Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.20471012);Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No.NCET-05-0278);Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (Grant No. 200322)

摘　　要：Based on the electron-holding energy per unit volume,we extend the concept of hardness to atomic stiffness,ionic stiffness and bond hardness,investigating the nature of material hardness at these three levels. We find that the stiffness of isolated atoms or ions has no direct connection with the hardness of materials,whereas material hardness is directly related to bond hardness,which is es-sentially determined by the electron-holding energy of its constituent chemical bonds per unit volume. We establish a model for identifying the hardness of materials on the basis of bond hardness. This work offers a deeper understanding of the nature of material hardness at the atomic level,and provides a practical guide in the search for new superhard materials.Based on the electron-holding energy per unit volume, we extend the concept of hardness to atomic stiffness, ionic stiffness and bond hardness, investigating the nature of material hardness at these three levels. We find that the stiffness of isolated atoms or ions has no direct connection with the hardness of materials, whereas material hardness is directly related to bond hardness, which is essentially determined by the electron-holding energy of its constituent chemical bonds per unit volume. We establish a model for identifying the hardness of materials on the basis of bond hardness. This work offers a deeper understanding of the nature of material hardness at the atomic level, and provides a practical guide in the search for new superhard materials.

关 键 词：硬度 原子 离子 化学作用 原材料 

分 类 号：TB3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]