长江口邻近海域浮游十足类生态特征  

Ecological characteristics of the pelagic decapods in the Changjiang Estuary

作　　者：周晓东[1,2] 徐兆礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2009年第1期30-36,共7页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(90511005);上海市科委“长三角联合攻关”项目(062358101)

摘　　要：根据2002-2003年长江口29°00′～32°00′N、122°00′～123°30′E海域4个季节的海洋调查资料，运用定量、定性方法，探讨了长江口邻近海域浮游十足类丰度的季节变化、水团对丰度分布的影响、优势种对总丰度的贡献以及其生态适应特征。结果表明，长江口邻近海域浮游十足类丰度季节变化主要受温度影响，平面分布变化主要受盐度影响。夏季平均丰度最高（10．42ind／m^3），主要集中在长江口羽状锋（122°40′～123°30′E）处，冬季丰度最低（0．004ind／m^3）。中型莹虾（Lucifer intermedius）和细螯虾（Leptochela gracilis）是最主要的优势种。夏季，中型莹虾的贡献率（0．97）远大于细螯虾（0．12）。中型莹虾平均丰度夏季最高（8．93ind／m^3），春季为0．28ind／m^3，秋季为0．14ind／m^3，冬季最低（0．005ind／m^3）。细螯虾在春季平均丰度0．11ind／m^3，夏季0．67ind／m^3，秋季0．13ind／m^3，冬季0．004ind／m^3。Based on the data of seasonal investigations in the Changjiang Estuary （28°00′ -32°00′N and 122°00′ -123°30′E） from 2002 to 2003, the paper discussed the seasonal changes of abundance of pelagic decapods, species composition and the influence of water masses on the pelagic decapods. It also discussed the ecological adaptation of dominant species to water environment, and contribution of dominant species to decapod abundance. The results showed that the seasonal abundance of pelagic decapods was mainly influenced by water temperature. Horizontal distribution of decapods was mainly influenced by salinity fluctuations. In summer, the abundance of pelagic decapods peaked at 10.42 ind/m^3, especially in the waters of plume front zone of the Changjiang Estuary （122°40′- 123°30′ E）, while in winter, the abundance was lowest of the year , about 0. 004 ind/m^3. Only Lucifer intermedius and Leptochela gracilis were dominant species. In summer, Lucifer intermedius contributed 97% variation of the decapod abundance, higher than the contribution of 12% decapod abundance provided by Leptochela gracilis. The abundance of Lucifer intermedius were 0.28 ind/m^3 in spring, 8.93 ind/m^3 in summer, 0.14 ind/m^3 in autumn and 0.005 ind/m^3 in winter respectively. The average abundance of Leptochela gracilis were 0.11 ind/m^3 （spring）, 0. 67 ind/m^3 （summer）, 0. 13 ind/m^3 （autumn）, and 0. 004 ind/m^3 （winter）, respectively.

关 键 词：浮游动物 十足类 优势种 生态特征 长江口 

分 类 号：S932.5[农业科学—渔业资源]