低温对芒果授粉生物学的影响  

Studies on the Effect of Low Temperature on Mango(Mangifera indica L.) Pollination

作　　者：黄镜浩[1,2,3] 王松标[1] 武红霞[1] 马蔚红[1] 梁国鲁[3] 谢江辉[1] 陈瑶[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江524091 [2]福建省农业科学院果树研究所,福州350013 [3]西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第12期106-110,共5页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技部成果转化项目(2006GB23260382);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项项目

摘　　要：以台农1号（Mangifemindica L．‘Tainong 1’）和爱文（Mangifem indica L．‘Irwin’）品种为材料，进行花粉离体萌发试验和人工授粉试验．结果表明：温度对芒果花粉活力有显著影响：温度介于10～20℃时，台农1号花粉发芽率为6．25％，爱文为1．05％；温度在20℃以上时，萌发率随温度的上升有增加趋势；温度在25～30℃之间时，台农1号与爱文的花粉萌发率分别为36．52％和15．47％，迭最高．自然低温（气温10～20℃间）影响授粉率，并抑制芒果花粉管生长；常温（气温25-30℃）下花粉管进入胚囊的平均时间为24h，低温条件下，授粉48h后花粉管虽能进入胚珠，但未能到达胚囊．In vitro pollen-germination experiment and hand pollination test were carried on mango varieties ＇Tainong 1＇ and ＇Irwin＇. The in vitro pollen-germination experiment suggested that pollen viability of mango was significantly affected by temperature. When temperature was between 10℃ and 20℃, pollen germinated with a rate of 6. 25% for Tainong 1 and 1.05% for Irwin. The germination rate of both varieties increased with temperature within the range of 20 ℃ to 30℃, and reached the highest 36.52% and 15.47% at 25-30℃, respectively. Natural low temperature （minimum/maximum = 10 ℃/20℃ for at least 4 successive days） reduced successful pollination rate and restrained pollen tube growth. The average time for the pollen-tube to grow into the embryo sac under normal temperature condition （minimum/maximum = 25℃/30℃, CK） was 24h, which was much shorter than that （more than 48h） under low ternperature.

关 键 词：离体萌发 花粉活力 人工授粉 花粉管 

分 类 号：Q949.754.4[生物学—植物学]