子宫颈癌致病因子人乳头瘤病毒的发现——2008年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖成果简介  

An Discovery on Human Papilloma Virus Causing Cervical Cancer——An Introduction to Achievements of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2008

作　　者：宋国兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院基础医学研究所,北京100005

出　　处：《科技导报》2008年第24期31-36,共6页Science & Technology Review

摘　　要：瑞典卡罗林斯卡(Karolinska)学院诺贝尔奖评审委员会宣布德国科学家哈拉尔德·楚尔豪森(Harald zur Hausen)因发现人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)导致子宫颈癌,与另外两位法国科学家弗朗索瓦丝·巴尔-西诺西(Franoise Barré-Sinoussi)和吕克·蒙塔尼(Luc Montagnier)共享2008年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。楚尔豪森以科学创新的精神和严格的科学实验向当时盛行的"单纯疱疹二型病毒(HSV-2)是子宫颈癌的致病因子"假说发起挑战,经过10多年的研究,于1983、1984年先后在人子宫颈癌活检标本中检测到HPV16、HPV18的基因序列,并成功克隆了HPV16型、HPV18型基因组,揭示HPV16、HPV18是子宫颈癌发病的重要病因。相继又鉴定了多种型别的HPV,提出了HPV家族具有"异质性"。发现HPV16、18的早期基因E6和E7整合于子宫颈癌宿主细胞的基因组内,提出E6和E7基因是诱发子宫颈癌的关键基因。这些重大发现极大推进了HPV研究领域的发展,也为今日HPV预防性疫苗的问世以及新HPV检测技术的不断发展奠定了科学基础。The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2008 with one half to Harald zur Hausen for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer and the other half jointly to Francoise Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus. Against the prevailing view during the 1970s zur Hausen has made seminal observation and identified oncogenic human papilloma virus （HPV） as the key cause of cervical cancer, which is the second most common cancer among women. In 1983 zur Hausen discovered the type 16 HPV by studying the biopsies of women diagnosed cervical cancer by Pap smear. A year later, he isolated and cloned HPV of type 16 and Type 18, the two forms of virus, responsible for approximately 70 percent of cervical cancer cases. He found that specific HPV-DNA genes E6 and E7 integrated into the tumor host cell genome could express and exist in a non-productive state in the tumors. He found HPV to be a heterogeneous family of viruses. Only some HPV types of the family cause cancer. His discovery has led to characterization of the natural history of HPV infection, an understanding of mechanisms of HPV- induced carcinogenesis and paved the way for the development of prophylactic vaccines against HPV and production of novel HPV test methods.

关 键 词：人乳头瘤病毒 子宫颈癌 HPV 

分 类 号：R737.33[医药卫生—肿瘤]