山东半岛南部产卵场鳀鱼的产卵生态Ⅱ.鳀鱼的产卵习性和胚胎发育特性  

Spawning ecology of the anchovy Engraulis japonicus in the spawning ground of the Southern Shandong Peninsula Ⅱ.Spawning habits and embryonic developmental characteristics of the anchovy

作　　者：万瑞景[1] 赵宪勇[1] 魏皓[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071 [2]中国海洋大学物理海洋实验室,青岛266100

出　　处：《动物学报》2008年第6期988-997,共10页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2006CB400600;G19990437)资助~~

摘　　要：2000-2004年5-7月在山东半岛南部鳀鱼产卵场调查结果表明:鳀鱼受精卵的胚胎发育全程,在表层水体中,水温条件为21.78℃-22.68℃(平均22.05℃)和17.05℃-18.88℃(平均17.90℃),大约需要42-44h和50-52h;在上混合层水体中,水温条件为21.26℃-22.05℃(平均21.70℃)和17.02℃-17.90℃(平均17.50℃),大约需要44-46h和50-54h;在温跃层水体中,水温条件为16.22℃-21.26℃(平均18.70℃)和14.42℃-17.02℃(平均15.72℃),大约需要46-48h和68-72h。对鳀鱼胚胎发育时间的观测值与计算值进行单因子方差分析,结果表明两者之间差异不显著(P>0.05),说明本研究所用的现场观测和估算方法是值得信赖的。2003年6月下旬产卵场中的水温分布较2002年6月下旬低1.80℃-3.80℃,鳀鱼受精卵的胚胎发育时间要长8-24h。鳀鱼胚胎发育的阈温度和有效积温值分别为10.26℃和423.1h.℃。在产卵季节,产卵场中傍晚7:00就有少量的鳀鱼开始产卵,直到凌晨5:00仍然有少量的鳀鱼还在产卵,产卵时间持续10h;上半夜9:00至凌晨2:00为鳀鱼的产卵高峰时间,鳀鱼主要在温跃层内产卵。The investigations on the spawning ground of the Southern Shandong Peninsula by water mass drift experiments were carried out from May to July during 2000 - 2004. Spawning habits and embryonic development characteristics of anchovy are studied from these observations. It is shown that duration for the germ cells fully developed from spawning to hatch are different under different temperature. The durations are 42- 44 hours when the water temperature is 21.78℃ -22.68℃ （averaged 22.05℃ ） and 50 - 52 hours while the water temperature is 17.05℃ - 18.88℃ （averaged 17.90℃ ） at the surface layer. In the upper mixed layer, the durations for fully development are 44 - 46 hours and 50 - 54 hours under the water temperature of 21.26℃ -22.05℃ （averaged 21.70℃ ） and 17.02℃ - 17.90℃ （averaged 17.50℃ ） respectively. While in the thermocline, the water temperature are 16.22℃ -21.26℃ （averaged 18.70℃ ） and 14.42℃ - 17.02℃ （averaged 15.72℃ ）, the durations are 46 - 48 hours and 68 - 72 hours respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that the anchovy embryonic development duration observed from in situ data was not significantly different from that calculated academic （ P 〉 0.05）, which indicates that both the in situ observation and academic estimation methods applied in the present study are reliable. Water temperature in the spawning ground in late June of 2003 is 1.80 ℃ - 3.80℃ lower than that of 2002. It makes the duration of anchovy embryonic development 8 - 24 hours longer. Developmental threshold temperature of anchovy germ cells is 10.26 ℃ and the sum of effective temperature is 423.1 h· ℃ . At the spawning season, adult anchovy produce new eggs from 19：00 in the evening till next 5：00 in the early morning. The spawning duration will last 10 hours. At night time from 21 ： 00 to next 2 ： 00 am is the peak spawn time. The adult anchovy mainly spawn in the thermoeline [ Acta Zoologica Sinica 54 （6）： 988- 997, 2008].

关 键 词：山东半岛 产卵场 鲲鱼 胚胎发育 阈温度 有效积温 产卵时间和水层 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]