黄瓜未授粉子房培养获得同源四倍体  

Induction of Autotetraploid Cucumbers by Unpollinated Ovary Culture and Their Characterization

作　　者：刁卫平[1] 贾媛媛[1] 江彪[1] 鲍生有[1] 娄群峰[1] 陈劲枫[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《园艺学报》2008年第12期1781-1786,共6页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2006AA100108,2006AA10Z108,2008AA10Z150);国家支撑计划项目(2006BAD13B06,2006BAD01A7-5-11);江苏省高新技术研究计划项目(BG2007301)

摘　　要：为获得稳定纯合的同源四倍体黄瓜材料,采用多种分化培养基对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)未授粉子房培养形成的胚进行培养。结果共获得33个再生植株,经染色体计数后发现7株为同源四倍体植株(2n=4x=28)。利用SSR手段对获得的同源四倍体植株进行了同质性鉴定,发现均为纯合子。利用形态学观察和染色体计数法对同源四倍体单株自交后代的遗传稳定性进行了研究,结果表明自交后代倍性没有发生变异。对此类型同源四倍体植株和经秋水仙素诱导获得的同源四倍体植株分别进行了花粉可染率、花粉萌发率及自交结籽数的观察,发现前者具有高的育性,自交结籽数为15～34粒。上述结果表明,黄瓜未授粉子房培养是获得同源四倍体的一条途径,获得的稳定纯合且育性好的同源四倍体材料可作为特异资源用于黄瓜倍性育种。Abstract： Gynogenic embryos originating from unpollinated ovary culture were cultured on differentiation medium to induce homozygous autotetraploid cucumber. In total, thirty-three plantlets were regenerated, and seven were observed as autotetraploid （2n = 4x --28） after chromosome counts. These autotetraploid plants were identified as homozygote after simple sequence repeat （SSR） analysis. Genetic stability of the progenies from self-crossing of these autotetraploid was studied, no ploidy variation occurred among these progenies after morphology and chromosome observation. Comparative studies were carried out between autotetraploid plants from ovary culture and autotetraploid plants from colchicines treatment, using parameters, stainability of pollen grains, viability of pollen grains and number of seeds per fruit. Higher pollen fertility and number of seeds per fruit were found in the gynogenic induced autotetraploid plants. These results indicate that it is a method to induce autotetraploid through unpollinated ovary culture, and the obtaining of homozygous autotetraploid with higher fertility will be quite useful in cucumber breeding programs.

关 键 词：黄瓜 子房培养 同源四倍体 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]